Williams Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy Chapter 5 Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism | Questions And Answers!!

Digestion and the Digestive Organs - Food must change into simpler substances to be absorbed and sustain life. -Through mechanical and chemical digestion, food breaks down to nutrients to be used for the body's nutiritional value via digestion, absorption, and metabolism. -Each part of the gastrointestinal (GI) system performs the mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods: Mouth, Stomach, and small and large intestine Digestion - food is broken down in the GI tract to release nutrients in forms that the body can absorb Absorption - cells that line the GI tract "take in" nutrients Transport - movement of nutrients through the circulatory system from one area of the body to another Metabolism - all of the changes in the cell that produce material for energy, tissue building, and metabolic controls Assessory Organs in digestion - liver, pancreas, and gallbladder Mechanical Digestion -muscles and nerves - -Mastication = biting and chewing to break down food -food swallowed and passes down esophagus via peristaltic waves -muscles at tongue base facilitate swallowing process -Gastroesophageal sphincter at entrance to stomach relaxes; food entered stomach, then sphincter constricts to retain foodGERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) - A digestive disease in which stomach acid or bile irritates the food pipe lining.