Biology Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide Questions With Complete Solutions

Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of ____. correct answer: DNA What is the primary function of DNA? correct answer: store and transmit genetic information is transcribed and translated into proteins What is DNA polymerase's role in DNA replication? correct answer: adds new nucleotides to form a complementary stand of DNA What are the base pairing rules for DNA replication? correct answer: A -- T C -- G What are the functions of the three types of RNA? correct answer: mRNA- message RNA; transcribes segments of DNA code tRNA- transfer RNA; transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation rRNA- ribosomal RNA; makes up the ribosome structure Characteristics of DNA correct answer: double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, thymine base, stored in the nucleus, contains all the genes of the organism, contains introns and exons Characteristics of RNA correct answer: single stranded, ribose sugar, uracil base, is able to leave nucleus, one gene long, when ready to translate only contains exons Shared characteristics of DNA + RNA correct answer: sugar-phosphate backbone, carry information, made of nucleotides, cytosine base, adenine base, guanine base, uses hydrogen bonds between base pairs, backbone is covalently bonded together A segment of mRNA has the sequence UAU-GGC-UAU. What is the tRNA anticodons for this mRNA? correct answer: AUA-CCG-AUA What is the function of tRNA polymerase? correct answer: enzyme that transcribes DNA to build RNA Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) ______. correct answer: codon What is the process of transcription? correct answer: Occurs the in the nucleus of the cell. RNA polymerase binds to the promotor site on DNA. RNA polymerase reads the DNA bases, nucleotides are added to build the mRNA strand. When the RNA polymerase reaches the DNA stop codon, the enzyme detaches and the mRNA is complete. List the three possible things that result from errors in DNA replication. correct answer: cancer, mutations, genetic variation X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and