AUA Foundations Questions: Goal 9 Questions With Complete Solutions

DNA ---> RNA ---> Protein correct answer: Central Dogma molecule that reads mRNA ribonucleotide language & translates into amino acid language correct answer: tRNA The location (factory) of translation is __________ (rRNA + protein) correct answer: Ribosome In the process of translation, mRNA is decoded by _______ in ribosomes Decodes mRNA using anticodon loop; carries a specific aa at acceptor arm and each aa has its own subset of tRNA correct answer: tRNA _____________ nucleotide sequence is used as a template to correctly order and join amino acids in a polypeptide chain Read in sets of 3 nt sequences called codons; each codon specifies an aa correct answer: mRNA Present within ribosome; large & small ribosome subunits correct answer: rRNA _____________ move along mRNA catalyzing the assembly of aa into polypeptide chains correct answer: ribosomes A nucleotide triplet sequence on mRNA; always written from 5'→3' correct answer: Codon _________ is start codon and codes for Met correct answer: AUG The type of alterations with certain exceptions (mitochondrial genetic code has slight differences) correct answer: Universal Specific alterations, where each codon specifies 1 aa. Ex: AUG always codes for Met correct answer: Unambiguous This type of alterations includes some aa that are coded for by multiple codons. Ex: Leu, Ser, Arg have 6 codons each correct answer: Degenerate/redundant Alterations where code is read, starting from a fixed starting