AUA Med 1 -- Basic Sciences - Biochemistry Goal 4 Questions With Complete Solutions

What is the most abundant organic molecule in nature? correct answer: Carbohydrates Carbohydrates with an aldehyde as their carbonyl group are known as? correct answer: Aldoses Carbohydrates with an keot as their carbonyl group are known as? correct answer: Ketose How many monosaccharide units are in disaccharides? correct answer: 2 How many monosaccharide units are in oligosaccharides? correct answer: 3-10 How many monosaccharide units are in polysaccharides? correct answer: 10+ What examples of monosaccharides are found in humans? correct answer: Trioses -- 3 carbons Tetroses -- 4 carbons Pentoses -- 5 carbons Hexoses -- 6 carbons Heptoses -- 7 carbons Nonoses -- 8 carbons Example of a trioses correct answer: Glyceraldehyde Example of a Tetroses correct answer: Erythrose Example of a Pentoses correct answer: Ribose Example of a Hexoses correct answer: Glucose Example of a Heptoses correct answer: Sedoheptulose Example of a Nonoses correct answer: Neuraminic acid Compounds that have the same formula, but different structure are what? correct answer: Isomers Structures that are mirror images of each other are called what? correct answer: Enantiomers The vast majority of sugars in humans are L-isomers or D-isomers? correct answer: D-isomers Which enzymes are able to interconvert between D- and L-isomers? correct answer: Isomeases What is the asymmetric carbonyl carbon called? correct answer: Anomeric carbon Fructose can be isomerized to what? correct answer: Aldose Important disaccharides are: correct answer: 1. Lactose 2. Sucrose 3. Maltose Galactose + glucose = correct answer: Lactose "GGL" Glucose + fructose = correct answer: Sucrose "GFS" Glucose + glucose = correct answer: Maltose Important polysaccharides include: correct answer: Glycogen (branched) Starch cellulose (unbranched) Each polysaccharide is a polymer of what? correct answer: Glucose Branched glycogen comes from what source? correct answer: Animal