Psyc 314 Final Exam 2023

Psyc 314 Final Exam 2023 Why study pain? - Answer-Pain is the symptom of greatest concern to patients → and the most likely to lead them to use health services. Pain is also heavily influenced by psychosocial processes * Canada is a word leader in pain research What purpose does pain serve? - Answer-Warns self or others of tissue damage/injury/disease; evokes care But, pain also leads to... - Poor health behaviours - Loss of employment/income - Depression, fear, anxiety - Social isolation - Sleep disorders - Marital and family dysfunction Acute vs. Chronic Pain? - Answer-1) Acute Pain: the discomfort people experience with temporary painful conditions that last less than about three months 2) Chronic Pain: painful conditions that last longer than its expected course or for more than a few months. People with chronic pain continue to have high levels of anxiety and tend to develop feelings of hopelessness and helplessness because various medical treatments have not helped. Pain interferes with their daily activities, goals, and sleep; it can come to dominate their lives **Having a good night's sleep greatly impacts the experience of pain Describe the Specificity Theory of Pain ? - Answer-Decartes: → Pain is directly proportional to the amount of tissue damage 1) Upon injury, pain messages originate in nerves associated with damaged tissue and travel to the spinal cord 2) A signal is then sent to: - A motor nerve, and - The brain, where pain is perceived NOT TRUE (has been falsified across many studies) Describe the Purely Biomedical Approach? - Answer-- Assumption of one-to-one correspondence to injury/disease - Unfortunate practices (e.g., blaming the patient, assuming psychiatric disorder or intentional faking of symptoms) (Men are more likely to be taken seriously ("brave men" vs. "emotional women") - Focus on pharmacological, surgical, or other medical interventions to control pain What is Gate-Control Theory? - Continues...