Prn 1032/ Prn1032 Client Centred Care Pharmacology Exam 2. Questions And Answers.

Orlistat: Action Used in patients age 12 and older Acts in the GI tract to reduce absorption of fat; may reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels Lowers blood pressure and blood glucose levels Orlistat: Adverse effects GI symptoms (flatulence with discharge, fatty or oily stools, increased defecation) Possible liver damage Acute pancreatitis Kidney stones Liraglutide: Action Used for chronic weight management in adults Slows gastric emptying - increased feeling of fullness - decreased food intake Inhibits glucose breakdown Liraglutide: Adverse effects Tachycardia Nausea & vomiting, either constipation or diarrhea, abdominal discomfort Hypoglycemia Headache, fatigue, weakness Sympathomimetic Amines: Action Divided into two groups: amphetamines and nonamphetamines Decreases appetite by increasing the availability of norepinephrine at receptors in the brain They stimulate the body. They increase energy and decrease hunger Sympathomimetic Amines: Adverse effects Increased alertness, decreased fatigue, nervousness, insomnia Tachycardia, angina pain, hypertension Not to be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding Phentermine & Topiramate: Action Indicated for chronic weight-loss therapy Phentermine suppresses appetite Topiramate induces a sense of fullness Phentermine & Topiramate: Adverse effects Dry mouth, constipation, altered taste, nausea, blurred vision, dizziness, insomnia, numbness and tingling in the limbs Do not use during pregnancy What are dietary supplements? Intended to supplement the diet Most common form of complementary and alternative medicine Intended to promote health and relieve symptoms of disease Black Cohash: Action & Adverse Effects A: Treats symptoms of menopause AE: May increase risk for liver damage Coenyzme q-10: Action A: Potent antioxidant Used for congestive heart failure and hypertension Cranberry juice: Action Prevents UTIs Echinacea: Action & Adverse effects A: Antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulant effects AE: Interferes with the effects of immunosuppressants Feverfew: Action & Adverse effects A: Used for prophylaxis of migraines AE: May increase risk of bleeding if taking antiplatelet drugs Flaxseed: Action A: Reduces LDL and total cholesterol, not HDL Treats constipation Garlic: Action A: Reduces triglycerides and LDL, increases HDL, increased insulin Lowers blood pressure Must be raw Ginger root: Action A: Treats vertigo and nausea/vomiting Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties Lowers blood sugar Ginkgo biloba: Action A: Increases pain-free walking distance for patients with Peripheral Artery Disease Induces vasodilation Glucosamine & Chondroitin: Actions & Adverse Effects A: Treats osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and wrist AE: Use cautiously with shellfish allergy- Increase risk of bleeding Green Tea: Action & Adverse effects A: Used for weight loss, mental clarity, and prevent and treat some cancers AE: Contains caffeine so use cautiously with stimulants Peppermint: Action A: Used for management of irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain in children, and headaches Inhibits smooth muscle activity in GI tract Probiotics: Action Help metabolize foods, promote nutrient absorption, reduce colonization of pathogenic bacteria Resveratrol: Action A: Antioxidant Protection against chronic diseases Saw palmetto: Action & Adverse Effects A: Conflicting results in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia AE: Do not use during pregnancy! Soy: Action & Adverse Effects A: Used for prevention of breast cancer and osteoporosis AE: Not to be used with anti-estrogenic medications St. John's Wort: Action A: Widely used to treat mild to moderate depression Not used for severe depression! Valerian: Action Used to promote sleep What is Comfrey? Harmful supplement! Associated with veno-occlusive disease What is Kava? Harmful supplement! Can result in severe hepatic damage What is Ma huang? Harmful supplement! Can elevate blood pressure and stimulate the heart and CNS