3A Turfgrass Pest Management Study Guide questions and answers graded A+.

3A Turfgrass Pest Management Study Guide questions and answers graded A+. Varieties of grass containing endophyte fungi are an example of: - correct answers.Plant resistance. Raking, thatch removal and aeration are examples of: - correct answers.Cultural controls. Hand removal, traps, barriers and repellents are examples of: - correct answers.Mechanical and physical controls. Example of a turfgrass disease that can be managed with hand removal techniques: - correct answers.Slime mold. Turf cannot at the same time benefit from biological control methods and be pest free because: - correct answers.There must be a low level of pest or prey insects for the predators to feed on. Why is it important to use both short term suppression and long term maintenance tactics in pest management? - correct answers.Usually offers a quick fix, but the pest population will rebuild. Maintenance must be used to reduce pest populations permanently. How can you help maintain existing populations of beneficial organisms in a turf stand? - correct answers.By making pesticide applications only when needed. What is the most commonly used microbial insecticide? On what insect larvae is it effective? - correct answers.Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, used to control caterpillars. Are microbial insecticides best used for short or long term suppression of pest populations? - correct answers.Long term. Microbial insecticides are slower acting and do not kill all of the pests at once, which allows there to be food for other beneficial organisms. Ways to classify pesticides: - correct answers.Types of pests Pesticide chemistry Mode of action Pesticide formulation. Benefits of systemic herbicides: - correct answers.Superior in treating persistent perennial weeds, kills both above ground and below ground parts of plant. Benefits of broad spectrum pesticides: - correct answers.Can be used to control several pests, but more likely to be hazardous to non target organisms. Benefits of residual pesticides: - correct answers.Good for use when the goal is to reduce the number of applications required to control persistent pests. Benefits of contact herbicides: - correct answers.Does not kill the underground parts of plant. Basic principles of managing pests in turfgrass: - correct answers.Produce healthy plants that can reduce or better tolerate pest attack Identify what is damaging the turf Expect some pests and tolerate some damage Using pesticides as a last resort. Steps of IPM for turfgrass: - correct answers.Detect pest Identify pest Determine the amount of damage and whether it is below or above the tolerance thresholds Select and use a management tactic Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy and keep records. Methods for monitoring and detecting turfgrass pests: - correct answers.Visually Coffee can flush White paper test Root sampling Disclosing solution Explain why keeping track of degree day accumulations is more useful for monitoring pest activity than going by calendar dates: - correct answers.Insects, diseases and weeds develop based on heat units. The accumulation of heat units varies from year to year. Explain how knowing the species or variety of turfgrass in a stand can help in pest diagnosis: - correct answers.Certain diseases and insect pests will affect certain species of turfgrass and will not affect others. Economic injury threshold: - correct answers.The density of pests at which the cost to manage the pest is equal to the losses caused by that pest. Action threshold: - correct answers.The pest density at which action must be taken to prevent the pest from reaching the economic injury level. Factors influencing the economic injury level: - correct answers.The client's tolerance for damage. The health of the turf stand. Level of maintenance required for the turf stand to fulfill its purpose. Factors of pest management tactics will be limited by: - correct answers.Budget. Availability of equipment. Availability of personnel. Time available for pest management activities. Availability of products that control the problem. Public or client acceptance of the management methods. Questions that should be answered by the evaluation of your IPM program: - correct answers.Did it work? Did it hurt anything else? Was it practical and cost-effective?