Clinical Nurse Specialist Adult Gerontology first set

Barthel index of ADLs 10 Categories of Barthel Index of ADLs Cardiovascular changes with aging Neurological changes with aging tool to assess functional ability of old- er adults. Assess person's disabililities and need for assistance. 10 categories scored from 0 to 10-15 or 0 to 1-3.i Feeding, mobility, personal grooming, toileting, urinary control, fecal control, ascending and descending stairs, ambu￾latory status on level ground, transferring and sitting up in bed, bathing. reduction in ability of the cardiovascular system to pump blood. decrease in oxygen delivery. Reduced cardiac output causes circula￾tion time to increase. left ventricle may enlarge baroreceptor response may decrease Diastolic dysfunction may be evident Reduction in the resting and maximal heart rates Atria may enlarge A-fib, Aflutter, CHF Number of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord decreases. slight reduction in brain mass. loss of neurons occurs particularly in the frontal lobes. decrease in cerebral blood flow. short term memory loss may occur. Cognitive processes are not usually af￾fected unless underlying brain disease. skeletal muscles may atrophy. Ability of peripheral nerves to repair themselves is reduced. Slower reflexes. Reduced perspiration Clinical Nurse Specialist Adult Gerontology first set 2 / 21 Pulmonary changes with aging Eyes with aging Kidney and Bladder with aging Fat with aging Muscles with aging Decrease in elasticity of the lungs. between 40 and 70 maximum breathing capacity decreases by about 40%. Alveoli flatten and the alveolar ducts enlarge. Air tends to stay in alveolar ducts rather than in alveoli. Decrease in efficiency of oxygen ex- change. Increase in residual volume of the lungs. Reduction in forced expiratory volume (FEV) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Decrease in overall strength, less able to breathe deeply. cough reflex is reduced. ciliary action decreases. Protective laryngeal reflexes may be lost. total lung capacity does not change.