Functional Medicine Final Exam (100% Correct Solutions)

What are the primary organic acid abnormalities that occur in carnitine deficiency? correct answers -adipate -suberate -ethylmalonate What patterns of abnormalities discriminate mitochondrial inefficiency from ammonia challenge as a cause of citric acid elevation? correct answers -high citrate, aconitate, isocitrate + orotate indicates ammonia challenges -wihtout orotate= mitochondrial inefficiency What patterns suggest a deficiency of CoQ10? correct answers -High succinate, fumarate, malate, HMG -OR low HMG What do A-ketoisovalerate, A-ketoisocaproate, A-keto-B-methylvalerate measure? correct answers -Markers for branched chain keto acids -elevations indicate B complex need and/or lipoic acid What does B-hydroxyisovalerate indicate? correct answers BCKAs and (more specifically) biotin need Homocysteine is a marker for which 3 B vitamins? correct answers B6, B9, B12 What markers help narrow down B6 deficiency? correct answers Xanthurenate and/or kynurenate --both elevated = B6 def -Xanthurenate kynurenate What nutritional marker is FIGLU significant in identifying? correct answers -High= folate need -Low= histidine and/or amino acid nee What nutritional marker is MMA significant in identifying? correct answers B12 Which neurotransmitters are associated with VMA, HVA, 5HIAA? correct answers Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine What does high VMA indicate? correct answers -Chronic stress response -Heightened sympathetic reactions to stress -Increased rate of catecholamine synthesis -Ephedra, caffeine -Hypertension -GI dysfunction, headaches, decreased immunity, anxiety, fatigue, sleep probs What does low VMA indicate? correct answers -Low levels of epi or norep.