NASM Personal Training Certification Exam with solutions

Muscle imbalances alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint Obesity The condition of being considerably overweight, and refers to a person with a body mass index of 30 or greater, or who is at least 30 pounds over his or her recommended weight What is the BMI of a typical obese individual? 30 or greater Refers to a person with a body mass index of 25-29.9 or who is between 25-30 pounds over the recommended weight overweight These are also known as cholesterol and triglycerides and are carried in the bloodstream by protein molecules known as HDL and LDL blood lipids chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fats and proteins diabetes mellitus a state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability deconditioned the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body positions and limb movement proprioception an unstable physical situation in which exercises are performed that cause the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms (Examples include using stability balls and single-leg squats versus traditional) proprioceptively enriched movement smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training phases of training a muscle's ability to contract for an extended period muscular endurance the ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion neuromuscular efficiency What is the first phase of training that should be completed before anything else to prevent injury and/or tension at the joints? stabilization training the muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power prime mover set of two exercises that are performed back-to-back without any rest time between them superset What type of training should done by individuals with a goal of maximal muscle growth? Hypertrophy training ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time rate of force production the combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems human movement systems a conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body nervous system the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment sensory function the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response integrative function the neuromuscular response to the sensory information motor function the functional unit of the nervous system neuron These neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites via receptors to the brain and spinal cord -- respond to touch, sound, light and other stimuli sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another interneurons transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites motor neurons the portion of the nervous system the consists of the brain and spinal cord central nervous system cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body peripheral nervous system sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion and pressure in body tissues mechanoreceptors receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change muscle spindles receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change golgi tendon organs receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and declaration of the joint joint receptors the body's framework, composed of bones and joints skeletal system provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs bones junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs joints portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column axial skeleton portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities appendicular skeleton The "link" between the axial and appendicular skeletons pelvic girdle the process of resorption and formation of bone remodeling a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue osteoclasts a type of cell that is responsible for bone formation osteoblasts the end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production epiphysis