Nutrition NR 228 Questions With Complete Solutions

Types of sugars correct answer: glucose, sucrose, fructose, galactose, maltose, lactose Sucralose, aspartame, and saccharin are commonly used alternative sweeteners. essential nutrients correct answer: nutrients necessary for normal body functioning that must be obtained from food nonessential nutrients correct answer: Nutrients required for growth and health that can be produced by the body from other components of the diet. GI organs and functions correct answer: Ingestion- Process of taking food into the mouth, starting it on its journey through the digestive tract Digestion- A group of processes that break complex nutrients into simpler ones, thus facilitating their absorption; mechanical digestion physically breaks large chunks into small bits; chemical digestion breaks molecules apart Motility- Movement by the muscular components of the digestive tube, including processes of mechanical digestion; examples are peristalsis and segmentation Secretion- Release of digestive juices (containing enzymes, acids, bases, mucus, bile, or other products that facilitate digestion); some digestive organs secrete endocrine hormones that regulate digestion or metabolism of nutrients Absorption- Movement of digested nutrients through the gastrointestinal mucosa and into the internal environment Elimination- Excretion of the residues of the digestive process (feces) from the rectum, through the anus; defecation Structures of the GI tract and their function correct answer: Mouth Breaks up food particles Assists in producing spoken language Salivary glands Saliva moistens and lubricates food Amylase digests carbohydrates Pharynx Swallows Esophagus Transports food