WGU D265 Exam Latest Updated Graded A+

Principle of Charity - ANSWER-we should choose the reconstructed argument that gives the benefit of the doubt to the person presenting the argument confirmation bias - ANSWER-a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence Alief - ANSWER-An automatic or habitual belief-like attitude which may or may not be in tension with the subject's explicit beliefs Heuristic - ANSWER-a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms anchoring bias - ANSWER-a tendency to fixate on initial information, from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information availability bias - ANSWER-items that are more readily available in memory are judged as having occurred more frequently ad hominem - ANSWER-a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute Genetic Fallacy - ANSWER-Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it. straw man fallacy - ANSWER-instead of dealing with the actual issue, it attacks a weaker version of argument red herring fallacy - ANSWER-when a speaker introduces an irrelevant issue or piece of evidence to divert attention from the subject of the speech appeal to authority fallacy - ANSWER-error of accepting a claim merely because an authority figure endorses it Appeal to Force - ANSWER-Arguer threatens reader/listener ad populum - ANSWER-This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do." Appeal to Consequences - ANSWER-attempt to motivate belief with either the good consequences of believing or the bad consequences of disbelieving