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Summary GCSE History Edexcel - Cold War
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This is a summary of the cold war for GCSE Historians. It includes timelines and exam techniques.
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Key Topic 3 Summary Hodder GCSE History for Edexcel: Superpower relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - History
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Key Topic 2 Summary Hodder GCSE History for Edexcel: Superpower relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - History
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Key Topic One Summary Hodder GCSE History for Edexcel: Superpower relations and the Cold War, 1941-91 - History
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Cold War- The origins of the Cold War
- Tension, crises and reaction
- The end of the Cold War
,The origins of
the Cold War
, The Grand Alliance
- The Grand Alliance was made up of Britain, USA and the Soviet Union.
- They met at Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam.
The Tehran Conference (1943) The Yalta Conference (1945) The Potsdam Conference (1945)
- The USA and Britain - Germany, when defeated, would be - A Council of Foreign Ministers was
agreed to invade Nazi- reduced in size, divided, demilitarised set up to organise the rebuilding of
occupied Europe and made up to pay reparations Europe
- Poland would gain - Europe would be rebuilt along the lines - The Nazi Party was banned, and
territory from Germany of the Atlantic Charter. Countries would war criminals were to be
and lose territory to the have democratic elections prosecuted
Soviet Union - The Soviet Union would declare war on - Germany and its capital, Berlin,
- An international body Japan once Germany was defeated. would be divided into four zones of
would be set up to settle This was also agreed at Tehran occupation, run by Britain, France,
future disputes between - Poland would be in the ‘Soviet sphere of the USA and the Soviet Union
countries influence’ but run democratically - The Soviet Union was to receive
- The UN (United Nations) would be set 25% of the output from the other
up three occupied zones
The Potsdam conference was attended by Stalin, Harry Truman (Roosevelt died in April 1945) and Clement
Attlee (Churchill also attended, but lost the 1945 election).
, The breakdown of Stalin and Truman personally distrusted one another:
trust Truman had withheld information about the atomic
bomb and Stalin had broken his agreement to run
- The USA was a capitalist state. The Soviet free elections in Poland.
Union was communist.
- The ideological differences between the two Capitalism (USA, UK) Communism (Soviet Union)
superpowers results in suspicion and tension.
Rising suspicion
In 1946 both the USA and the Soviet Union received information on the potential threat
of the other:
The Long Telegram was a secret report from the US ambassador (George Kennan) in
Moscow to President Truman. It said:
- The Soviet Union saw capitalism as a threat to communism that had to be destroyed
- The Soviet Union was building its military power
- Peace between a communist Soviet Union and a capitalist USA was impossible
Novikov’s telegram was a report sent from the Soviet ambassador to the USA. It told
Stalin that:
- The USA wanted world domination and was building up its military strength
- The Soviet Union was the only country left after the war that could stand up to the
USA
- The USA was preparing its people for war with the Soviet Union
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