BISC EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE
Exocytosis - ANSWER A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane
and releases its contents outside the cell
Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER A form of passive transport; Molecules move
across the plasma membrane using a transport protein
Endocytosis - ANSWER The plasma membrane forms a pocket that inches
inward, forming a vesicle that forms material from outside the cell.
Diffusion - ANSWER A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the
plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer.
Active Transport - ANSWER Requires energy from the cell. Molecules move
against their concentration gradient.
In diffusion, when molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move
from where there are... to where they are... - ANSWER more concentrated; less
concentrated
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called - ANSWER passive transport
Which cannot pass through the plasma membrane unaided? - ANSWER Charged
molecule
Molecules whose chemistry prohibits them from crossing the plasma membrane
unaided make their way across the membrane through channels made up of
which type of molecule? - ANSWER Proteins
In active transport, sodium and potassium ions go... - ANSWER against their
concentration gradient
How do molecules move across the membrane in passive transport? - ANSWER
Molecules move spontaneously from an area of high concentration and area of
low concentration
Which molecules would easily pass through the plasma membrane? - ANSWER
Small hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen
Small hydrophobic, uncharged molecules such as oxygen or carbon dioxide can
easily pass through the lipid bilayer.
Which molecule could move across a plasma membrane the easiest? - ANSWER
Carbon dioxide (by simple diffusion)
,Which action occurs during active transport? - ANSWER Proteins powered by
ATP move up the concentration gradient
Active transport requires energy and transport proteins to move substances up a
concentration gradient.
Which process moves oxygen from the lungs to the blood - ANSWER Simple
diffusion
Small molecules such as O2 and CO2 can move across membranes by simple
diffusion
True or False: If a cell immersed in a solution gets larger and bursts, the initial
concentration of water outside the cell was greater than the water inside the cell -
ANSWER True
Water moved down the concentration gradient into the cell, which caused it to
burst.
What is the movement of larger molecules down their concentration gradient
assisted by many proteins called? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
True or False: The process of facilitated diffusion will continue moving glucose
down the concentration gradient until the concentration of glucose molecules is
greater on the inside of the cell than outside. - ANSWER The process of
facilitated diffusion continues until the concentration of molecules is equal on
both sides of the cell membrane.
What action occurs during osmosis? - ANSWER Water moves spontaneously
down the concentration gradient across the plasma membrane
True or False: Cells use endocytosis to take in molecules that are too large to
cross the plasma membrane. - ANSWER True
Most enzymes are - ANSWER Proteins
Enzymes work by... - ANSWER reducing activation energy
An enzyme is... - ANSWER an organic catalyst (proteins that behave as
catalysts)
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? -
ANSWER Substrates
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme... - ANSWER is
unchanged
, Why does an enzyme change its shape? - ANSWER Enzymes change shape to
stress the substrate bonds
How would use of calories differ for people performing the same activity? -
ANSWER Men will generally born calories than women (Testosterone increases
the metabolic rate of men)
True or False: The basal metabolic rate represents the energy use of a sleeping
person. - ANSWER False: Basal metabolic rate is measured when a person is
resting but alert.
Which statement describes enzymes?
--Enzymes eliminate the activation energy barrier.
--One enzyme catalyzes many different reactions with a variety of substrates.
--An enzyme molecule is permanently changed by the substrate molecule.
--The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity. - ANSWER The shape of an
enzyme determines its specificity.
The shape of an enzyme and the shape of its active site determine which specific
substrate will be acted on by the enzyme.
Addison is slightly overweight with a slower than average metabolic rate. What
method might work best for weight loss without drastically changing dietary
intake? - ANSWER Doing aerobic exercises partnered with weight training
Exercise affects the metabolic rate. Muscle requires more energy to maintain than
fat. With increased muscle mass, increased calories could be burned each day to
maintain the muscle without a change in diet.
If Kai has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1800 calories per day, eats 1700 calories
per day, and burns 300 calories during exercise, how might Kai's weight
eventually be affected? - ANSWER Kai will lose weight.
What does the metabolic rate measure? - ANSWER Energy use in the body
How does an enzyme affect an activation energy barrier? - ANSWER It lowers the
barrier (an enzyme lowers an activation energy barrier, allowing a biological
reaction to take place more quickly. )
True or False: An enzyme can catalyze a reaction only once. - ANSWER False:
After an enzyme releases the products of a reaction, it can return to its original
shape and catalyze another reaction.
Exocytosis - ANSWER A vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane
and releases its contents outside the cell
Facilitated Diffusion - ANSWER A form of passive transport; Molecules move
across the plasma membrane using a transport protein
Endocytosis - ANSWER The plasma membrane forms a pocket that inches
inward, forming a vesicle that forms material from outside the cell.
Diffusion - ANSWER A form of passive transport. Molecules move across the
plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer.
Active Transport - ANSWER Requires energy from the cell. Molecules move
against their concentration gradient.
In diffusion, when molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move
from where there are... to where they are... - ANSWER more concentrated; less
concentrated
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called - ANSWER passive transport
Which cannot pass through the plasma membrane unaided? - ANSWER Charged
molecule
Molecules whose chemistry prohibits them from crossing the plasma membrane
unaided make their way across the membrane through channels made up of
which type of molecule? - ANSWER Proteins
In active transport, sodium and potassium ions go... - ANSWER against their
concentration gradient
How do molecules move across the membrane in passive transport? - ANSWER
Molecules move spontaneously from an area of high concentration and area of
low concentration
Which molecules would easily pass through the plasma membrane? - ANSWER
Small hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen
Small hydrophobic, uncharged molecules such as oxygen or carbon dioxide can
easily pass through the lipid bilayer.
Which molecule could move across a plasma membrane the easiest? - ANSWER
Carbon dioxide (by simple diffusion)
,Which action occurs during active transport? - ANSWER Proteins powered by
ATP move up the concentration gradient
Active transport requires energy and transport proteins to move substances up a
concentration gradient.
Which process moves oxygen from the lungs to the blood - ANSWER Simple
diffusion
Small molecules such as O2 and CO2 can move across membranes by simple
diffusion
True or False: If a cell immersed in a solution gets larger and bursts, the initial
concentration of water outside the cell was greater than the water inside the cell -
ANSWER True
Water moved down the concentration gradient into the cell, which caused it to
burst.
What is the movement of larger molecules down their concentration gradient
assisted by many proteins called? - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion
True or False: The process of facilitated diffusion will continue moving glucose
down the concentration gradient until the concentration of glucose molecules is
greater on the inside of the cell than outside. - ANSWER The process of
facilitated diffusion continues until the concentration of molecules is equal on
both sides of the cell membrane.
What action occurs during osmosis? - ANSWER Water moves spontaneously
down the concentration gradient across the plasma membrane
True or False: Cells use endocytosis to take in molecules that are too large to
cross the plasma membrane. - ANSWER True
Most enzymes are - ANSWER Proteins
Enzymes work by... - ANSWER reducing activation energy
An enzyme is... - ANSWER an organic catalyst (proteins that behave as
catalysts)
What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? -
ANSWER Substrates
As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme... - ANSWER is
unchanged
, Why does an enzyme change its shape? - ANSWER Enzymes change shape to
stress the substrate bonds
How would use of calories differ for people performing the same activity? -
ANSWER Men will generally born calories than women (Testosterone increases
the metabolic rate of men)
True or False: The basal metabolic rate represents the energy use of a sleeping
person. - ANSWER False: Basal metabolic rate is measured when a person is
resting but alert.
Which statement describes enzymes?
--Enzymes eliminate the activation energy barrier.
--One enzyme catalyzes many different reactions with a variety of substrates.
--An enzyme molecule is permanently changed by the substrate molecule.
--The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity. - ANSWER The shape of an
enzyme determines its specificity.
The shape of an enzyme and the shape of its active site determine which specific
substrate will be acted on by the enzyme.
Addison is slightly overweight with a slower than average metabolic rate. What
method might work best for weight loss without drastically changing dietary
intake? - ANSWER Doing aerobic exercises partnered with weight training
Exercise affects the metabolic rate. Muscle requires more energy to maintain than
fat. With increased muscle mass, increased calories could be burned each day to
maintain the muscle without a change in diet.
If Kai has a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 1800 calories per day, eats 1700 calories
per day, and burns 300 calories during exercise, how might Kai's weight
eventually be affected? - ANSWER Kai will lose weight.
What does the metabolic rate measure? - ANSWER Energy use in the body
How does an enzyme affect an activation energy barrier? - ANSWER It lowers the
barrier (an enzyme lowers an activation energy barrier, allowing a biological
reaction to take place more quickly. )
True or False: An enzyme can catalyze a reaction only once. - ANSWER False:
After an enzyme releases the products of a reaction, it can return to its original
shape and catalyze another reaction.
