HCB Test 7 with Complete Solution

HCB Test 7 with Complete Solution atrophy - decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue comminuted fracture - a fracture in which the bone is broken is several places dislocation - the disrupting or "coming apart" of a body part (joint) from its normal position gout - a form of arthritis, is a disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated serum uric acid level paralysis - loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply. Most paralysis is due to stroke or spinal cord injury range of motion (ROM) - extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle sprain - the stretching or tearing of ligaments that causes pain and disability strain - muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force - voluntary - involuntary - cardiac - what are the 3 types of muscles? voluntary muscle - known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system involuntary muscle - known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system cardiac muscle - a specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart 33 vertebrae - How many vertebrae are there? 5 sections - cervical (7) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - sacral (5) - coccyx (4) - the vertebrae are divided into how many sections? - provide support - protect internal organs - provides leverage and movement - produce blood cells - store minerals and lipids - what are the 5 main functions of the musculoskeletal system? - caused by pressure or force pushing the bone out of the joint; usually occurs in the setting of acute trauma - the shoulder is a very dynamic point, prone to injury - anterior dislocations are most common - shoulder dislocation MOI/NOI - severe pain in the affected shoulder - repeat injury - shoulder dislocation Signs/Symptoms - deformity and inability to use extremity or joint as usual - anterior dislocation (shoulder is squared off) - prominent acromion process - arm is held in slight abduction and external rotation - shoulder dislocation objective date - fracture of the humeral head - acromioclavicular joint injury - scapular fracture - cervical spine injury - shoulder dislocation assessment PRE HOS - splint utilizing sling and swathe In/Outpatient - administer pain meds - reduction of dislocation - obtain imagery (X-ray, CT, MRI) - document encounter - shoulder dislocation plan/treatment scaphoid - What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? cervical collar - Device that wraps around the neck and provides rigid form to help prevent movement body mechanics - the proper use of the body to prevent injury and to facilitate lifting and moving more than 20 inches - how far should you avoid reaching in front of your body? emergency moves - the patient is in immediate danger, you may have to move the patient before assessing the patient, immobilizing the patient's spine, or moving a stretcher into position. urgent moves - the patient must be moved quickly for treatment of an immediate life threat non-urgent moves - when there is no immediate threat to life stokes stretcher - most commonly used for transporting sick or injured persons