Transition Metals
Definition
a metal that can
for one or more stable ions with
an incompleted sub-level.
·
Sc and in aren't transition
metals -
they don'tform any
d-block stable ions with
an
incomplete
d sub-level.
↳
·
S23t: (Ag]
2n27:
[Ag]3d'
·
Chromium and copper
Normally.
· Electrons
occupy singly first
· 4s
fills up before 3d
· Chromium and copper
fill up differently as
they are
more stable that
way.
,Physical Properties
- don’t change gradually across the period as you may expect
1. High density
2. High MP and BP
Chemical Properties
- due to incomplete d sub-level
1. Form complex ions
2. Form coloured ions
3. Good catalysts
4. Have variable oxidation states
Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?
Different numbers of electrons can be gained/lost with similar amounts of energy because
energies of the 4s and 3d sub-levels are very similar
Why do transition metals make good catalysts?
Because they can transfer electrons by changing oxidation states (they can gain/lose
electrons within their d orbitals)
They provide an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.
, :palese
":
[CUCL-] yellow/g a series
(COCLy]":blue
Cr2:blue
Definition
a metal that can
for one or more stable ions with
an incompleted sub-level.
·
Sc and in aren't transition
metals -
they don'tform any
d-block stable ions with
an
incomplete
d sub-level.
↳
·
S23t: (Ag]
2n27:
[Ag]3d'
·
Chromium and copper
Normally.
· Electrons
occupy singly first
· 4s
fills up before 3d
· Chromium and copper
fill up differently as
they are
more stable that
way.
,Physical Properties
- don’t change gradually across the period as you may expect
1. High density
2. High MP and BP
Chemical Properties
- due to incomplete d sub-level
1. Form complex ions
2. Form coloured ions
3. Good catalysts
4. Have variable oxidation states
Why do transition metals have variable oxidation states?
Different numbers of electrons can be gained/lost with similar amounts of energy because
energies of the 4s and 3d sub-levels are very similar
Why do transition metals make good catalysts?
Because they can transfer electrons by changing oxidation states (they can gain/lose
electrons within their d orbitals)
They provide an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy.
, :palese
":
[CUCL-] yellow/g a series
(COCLy]":blue
Cr2:blue
