ATI Anatomy Study
anatomy
study of the structure of organs and body systems
physiology
study of the function of the organs and body systems
hierarchy of the structure of the human body (7- largest to smallest)
1. organism
2. organ system
3. organs
4. tissues
5. cells
6. molecules
7. atoms
4 basic tissue types found in humans
1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscular
4. nervous
epithelial tissue (epithelium) serves what two functions
1. provides covering (such as skin tissue)
2. produces secretions (such as glandular tissue)
Epithelial tissue commonly exists in and does not have its own .
sheets; blood supply*
*epithelium is dependent on diffusion from the nearby capillaries for food and oxygen
Epithelial tissue can if well nourished.
regenerate easily
Epithelial tissues are classified according to two criteria:
1. number of cell layers
2. cell shape*
*squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Simple and stratified epithelial tissues vary in relation to of .
number, cell layers
Simple epithelium contains _1_ layer of cells. It is found in body structures where _2_, _3_, and _4_ occur.
1. one
2. absorption
3. secretion
4. filtration
Stratified epithelium has more than one layer of cells and serves as .
protection
Connective tissue is found the body; it serves to different structures of the body.
throughout, connect
Connective tissue commonly has its own ; however, there are some types of connective tissue, such as
, that do not.
blood supply, ligaments
4 examples of connective tissue
1. bone
2. cartilage
3. adipose (fat)
4. blood vessel
,Muscle tissue is dedicated to .
producing movement
3 types of muscle tissue
1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac
Skeletal muscle supports movement.
voluntary
Smooth muscle is under _1_ control. It is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as _2_, _3_ , _4_, and _5_.
1. involuntary
2. intestines
3. blood vessels
4. bladder
5. uterus
Cardiac muscle movement is . Cardiac muscle is only found in the .
involuntary, heart
Nervous tissue provides the _1_ for the _2_, spinal cord, and _3_
1. structure
2. brain
3. nerves
Nerves are made up of specialized cells called that send impulses throughout the body.
neurons, electrical
Support cells, such as , help protect nervous tissue.
myelin
The circulatory system (also called the _1_ system) consists of the heart, _2_ (e.g., arteries, veins, and
arterioles), and _3_. It supports the _4_ and distribution of various substances throughout the body (oxygen,
_5_, and _6_ from food are some of these substances).
1. cardiovascular
2. blood vessels
3. blood
4. circulation
5. hormones
6. nutrients
Circulatory systems relationships with other organ systems
-hormones released from endocrine system influence blood pressure
-urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure by adjusting urine volume
-nervous system controls the blood pressure, heart rate, and distribution of blood to various parts of the body
-in women, estrogen helps preserve vascular health
-integumentary system allows heat to escape by dilating superficial blood vessels
-blood cells are formed in the marrow of the bones in the skeletal system
The digestive system consists of all the organs from the _1_ to the _2_ involved in the _3_ and _4_ or processing of
food. The organs along this path include the _5_, _6_, _7_, and _8_ intestines, _9_, and _10_. The digestive system
manufactures _11_ that breakdown food so that the _12_ can be easily passed into _13_ for use throughout the
body. Any food that is not digested is expelled though the _14_. The absorption of nutrients actually occurs in the
_15_ which consists of the _16_, _17_, and _18_. After that, the _19_ removes _20_ from the waste that
remains. Two other organs included in the the digestive system are the _21_ and _22_. The _23_ produces _24_
that helps break down fats, and the _25_ delivers enzymes to the small intestine that aid in digestion.
1. mouth
2. anus
3. ingestion
4. breakdown
, 5. esophagus
6. stomach
7. small
8. large
9. rectum
10. anus
11. enzymes
12. nutrients
13. blood
14. anus
15. small intestine
16. duodenum
17. jejunum
18. ileum
19. colon
20. water
21. liver
22. pancreas
23. liver
24. bile
25. pancreas
Digestive systems relationship with other organ systems
increased skeletal muscle activity increases the motility of the gastrointestinal tract
The endocrine system serves to control _1_ . _2_ in the endocrine system secrete _3_ that travel through the
blood to _4_ throughout the body. Glands such as the _5_, _6_, _7_, _8_, _9_, _10_, and _11_ regulate processes
such as growth and metabolism. The _12_, _13_, and _14_ also have endocrine functions, even though they are
part of other body systems.
1. body functions
2. glands
3. hormones
4. organs
5. pineal
6. pituitary
7. thalamus
8. hypothalamus
9. thyroid
10. thymus
11. adrenal
12. pancreas
13. testis
14. ovaries
Endocrine systems relationships with other organ systems
-lymphatic system provides a means of transportation for some hormones
-muscular system provides protection for some endocrine glands
-nervous system controls the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland
The integumentary system consists of the _1_, _2_ , _3_, and _4_. It protects internal _5_ from injury, _6_
the body, and helps regulate body _7_. This system also serves as a barrier to _8_ (microorganisms capable of
producing disease).
1. skin
2. mucous membranes
3. hair
4. nails
5. tissues
6. waterproofs
anatomy
study of the structure of organs and body systems
physiology
study of the function of the organs and body systems
hierarchy of the structure of the human body (7- largest to smallest)
1. organism
2. organ system
3. organs
4. tissues
5. cells
6. molecules
7. atoms
4 basic tissue types found in humans
1. epithelial
2. connective
3. muscular
4. nervous
epithelial tissue (epithelium) serves what two functions
1. provides covering (such as skin tissue)
2. produces secretions (such as glandular tissue)
Epithelial tissue commonly exists in and does not have its own .
sheets; blood supply*
*epithelium is dependent on diffusion from the nearby capillaries for food and oxygen
Epithelial tissue can if well nourished.
regenerate easily
Epithelial tissues are classified according to two criteria:
1. number of cell layers
2. cell shape*
*squamous, cuboidal, columnar
Simple and stratified epithelial tissues vary in relation to of .
number, cell layers
Simple epithelium contains _1_ layer of cells. It is found in body structures where _2_, _3_, and _4_ occur.
1. one
2. absorption
3. secretion
4. filtration
Stratified epithelium has more than one layer of cells and serves as .
protection
Connective tissue is found the body; it serves to different structures of the body.
throughout, connect
Connective tissue commonly has its own ; however, there are some types of connective tissue, such as
, that do not.
blood supply, ligaments
4 examples of connective tissue
1. bone
2. cartilage
3. adipose (fat)
4. blood vessel
,Muscle tissue is dedicated to .
producing movement
3 types of muscle tissue
1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac
Skeletal muscle supports movement.
voluntary
Smooth muscle is under _1_ control. It is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as _2_, _3_ , _4_, and _5_.
1. involuntary
2. intestines
3. blood vessels
4. bladder
5. uterus
Cardiac muscle movement is . Cardiac muscle is only found in the .
involuntary, heart
Nervous tissue provides the _1_ for the _2_, spinal cord, and _3_
1. structure
2. brain
3. nerves
Nerves are made up of specialized cells called that send impulses throughout the body.
neurons, electrical
Support cells, such as , help protect nervous tissue.
myelin
The circulatory system (also called the _1_ system) consists of the heart, _2_ (e.g., arteries, veins, and
arterioles), and _3_. It supports the _4_ and distribution of various substances throughout the body (oxygen,
_5_, and _6_ from food are some of these substances).
1. cardiovascular
2. blood vessels
3. blood
4. circulation
5. hormones
6. nutrients
Circulatory systems relationships with other organ systems
-hormones released from endocrine system influence blood pressure
-urinary system helps regulate blood volume and pressure by adjusting urine volume
-nervous system controls the blood pressure, heart rate, and distribution of blood to various parts of the body
-in women, estrogen helps preserve vascular health
-integumentary system allows heat to escape by dilating superficial blood vessels
-blood cells are formed in the marrow of the bones in the skeletal system
The digestive system consists of all the organs from the _1_ to the _2_ involved in the _3_ and _4_ or processing of
food. The organs along this path include the _5_, _6_, _7_, and _8_ intestines, _9_, and _10_. The digestive system
manufactures _11_ that breakdown food so that the _12_ can be easily passed into _13_ for use throughout the
body. Any food that is not digested is expelled though the _14_. The absorption of nutrients actually occurs in the
_15_ which consists of the _16_, _17_, and _18_. After that, the _19_ removes _20_ from the waste that
remains. Two other organs included in the the digestive system are the _21_ and _22_. The _23_ produces _24_
that helps break down fats, and the _25_ delivers enzymes to the small intestine that aid in digestion.
1. mouth
2. anus
3. ingestion
4. breakdown
, 5. esophagus
6. stomach
7. small
8. large
9. rectum
10. anus
11. enzymes
12. nutrients
13. blood
14. anus
15. small intestine
16. duodenum
17. jejunum
18. ileum
19. colon
20. water
21. liver
22. pancreas
23. liver
24. bile
25. pancreas
Digestive systems relationship with other organ systems
increased skeletal muscle activity increases the motility of the gastrointestinal tract
The endocrine system serves to control _1_ . _2_ in the endocrine system secrete _3_ that travel through the
blood to _4_ throughout the body. Glands such as the _5_, _6_, _7_, _8_, _9_, _10_, and _11_ regulate processes
such as growth and metabolism. The _12_, _13_, and _14_ also have endocrine functions, even though they are
part of other body systems.
1. body functions
2. glands
3. hormones
4. organs
5. pineal
6. pituitary
7. thalamus
8. hypothalamus
9. thyroid
10. thymus
11. adrenal
12. pancreas
13. testis
14. ovaries
Endocrine systems relationships with other organ systems
-lymphatic system provides a means of transportation for some hormones
-muscular system provides protection for some endocrine glands
-nervous system controls the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland
The integumentary system consists of the _1_, _2_ , _3_, and _4_. It protects internal _5_ from injury, _6_
the body, and helps regulate body _7_. This system also serves as a barrier to _8_ (microorganisms capable of
producing disease).
1. skin
2. mucous membranes
3. hair
4. nails
5. tissues
6. waterproofs
