HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
Final Exam For Human Growth and Development Juanita E. Campbell, Ed.D., LPC, NCC, CPCS Adjunct Professor, Fort Valley State University Fall 2021
1.During middle childhood, the brain continues to grow and develop. One change during this development is the increased coordination between the left and right sides of the body. Which of the following events most directly accounts for this increased coordination?
a.Increase in gray matter in the brain
b.Myelination of the corpus callosum
c.Decrease in white matter in the brain
d.The child’s experiences
2.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which negatively affects children’s school performance, is linked to atypical variations in brain development. What is the incidence of ADHD among school-age children?
a.Less than 1%
b.5-10%
c.2-3%
d.More than 15%
3.Jean Piaget and other researchers have studied cognitive development in middle childhood from different theoretical traditions. What label did Piaget use to describe this stage of cognitive development?
a.Adaptation
b.Assimilation
c.Formal operations d.Concrete operations
4.What cognitive ability do children develop in middle childhood that empowers or enables them to answer conservation questions correctly (like those posed by Piaget) and to think reversibly?
a.Ability to count
b.Ability of metacognition
c.Ability to think abstractly
d.Ability to decenter
5.In the information processing approach to cognitive development, the brain’s cognitive functioning is compared to what?
a.Gaming on a digital device
b.Learning a computer programming language c.Computer processing of information
d.Wiring configurations for computer hardware
6.Information processing theories of cognitive development focus on what? HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
a.Physiological changes in the brain
b.Mechanics of thinking HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
c.Relationships between cognitive and physiological achievements
d.Stages of cognitive development
7.Some theorists combine Piaget’s stages of cognitive development with information processing theories. What are these theorists called?
a.Neo-information theorists
b.Dual processing theorists
c.NeoPiagetians
d.NeoStage theorists
8.What type of memory has the same unchanging capacity at different ages of development?
a.Short-term memory
b.Sensory memory
c.Working memory
d.Procedural memory
9.What allows us to hold information in working memory and use it for periods of time longer than 15 to 30 seconds?
a.Rehearsal
b.Retrieval
c.Recognition
d.Metacognition
10.When a child remembers the factual information that one pound equals sixteen ounces, what type of knowledge is the child retrieving from memory?
a.Episodic b.Procedural
c.Semantic
d.Sensory
11.Cultures that emphasize the needs of the group over individual needs, who value social relationships more than personal goals, and who see failure as a step toward self-improvement are defined by what label?
a.Individualistic
b.Conventionalist
c.Moralistic
d.Collectivist
12.Morality is an important domain of self-concept that involves the capacity to distinguish right
from wrong and the capacity to choose to do right. The elements of morality include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a.Sociability
b.Emotions
c.Behaviors
d.Cognitions HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
13.Current research, contrary to Freud’s predictions (in his psychoanalytic theory of moral development), indicates that signs of moral development begin to emerge at what age?
a.By one year
b.Toddler age
c.3 to 4 years of age
d.By middle childhood
14.In Piaget’s stages of moral development, what is the stage in which individuals strictly adhere to rules and believe rule violations are always punished?
a.Premoral period of morality
b.Autonomous morality
c.Conventional morality
d.Heteronomous morality
15.Kohlberg focused on the individual’s reasoning about moral issues. The stages in his preconventional level of moral development included the following beliefs EXCEPT:
a.Child obeys rules to avoid punishment.
b.Child questions authority because authority may not be right.
c.Child interprets rules literally and no judgment is involved. d.Child follows rules to serve her own interests.
16.One aspect of prosocial behavior is defined as follows: a child exhibits “feeling with” another person, recognizing the emotional need of the other, and experiencing what the other is assumed to be feeling. This definition specifically applies to which of the following?
a.Altruism
b.Sympathy
c.Empathy
d.Self-sacrifice
17.Which of the following characteristics is most closely linked to children who exhibit prosocial or helping behaviors?
a.High social anxiety
b.Low social anxiety
c.Hedonistic perspective
d.Low needs-oriented reasoning
18.What style of parenting seems to be most effective in fostering internalization of standards and values that lead to prosocial behavior in children?
a.Permissive
b.Strong power assertion
c.Authoritarian
d.Authoritative
19.In the social information-processing model, a child encodes cues and interprets the cues. An
Final Exam For Human Growth and Development Juanita E. Campbell, Ed.D., LPC, NCC, CPCS Adjunct Professor, Fort Valley State University Fall 2021
1.During middle childhood, the brain continues to grow and develop. One change during this development is the increased coordination between the left and right sides of the body. Which of the following events most directly accounts for this increased coordination?
a.Increase in gray matter in the brain
b.Myelination of the corpus callosum
c.Decrease in white matter in the brain
d.The child’s experiences
2.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which negatively affects children’s school performance, is linked to atypical variations in brain development. What is the incidence of ADHD among school-age children?
a.Less than 1%
b.5-10%
c.2-3%
d.More than 15%
3.Jean Piaget and other researchers have studied cognitive development in middle childhood from different theoretical traditions. What label did Piaget use to describe this stage of cognitive development?
a.Adaptation
b.Assimilation
c.Formal operations d.Concrete operations
4.What cognitive ability do children develop in middle childhood that empowers or enables them to answer conservation questions correctly (like those posed by Piaget) and to think reversibly?
a.Ability to count
b.Ability of metacognition
c.Ability to think abstractly
d.Ability to decenter
5.In the information processing approach to cognitive development, the brain’s cognitive functioning is compared to what?
a.Gaming on a digital device
b.Learning a computer programming language c.Computer processing of information
d.Wiring configurations for computer hardware
6.Information processing theories of cognitive development focus on what? HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
a.Physiological changes in the brain
b.Mechanics of thinking HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
c.Relationships between cognitive and physiological achievements
d.Stages of cognitive development
7.Some theorists combine Piaget’s stages of cognitive development with information processing theories. What are these theorists called?
a.Neo-information theorists
b.Dual processing theorists
c.NeoPiagetians
d.NeoStage theorists
8.What type of memory has the same unchanging capacity at different ages of development?
a.Short-term memory
b.Sensory memory
c.Working memory
d.Procedural memory
9.What allows us to hold information in working memory and use it for periods of time longer than 15 to 30 seconds?
a.Rehearsal
b.Retrieval
c.Recognition
d.Metacognition
10.When a child remembers the factual information that one pound equals sixteen ounces, what type of knowledge is the child retrieving from memory?
a.Episodic b.Procedural
c.Semantic
d.Sensory
11.Cultures that emphasize the needs of the group over individual needs, who value social relationships more than personal goals, and who see failure as a step toward self-improvement are defined by what label?
a.Individualistic
b.Conventionalist
c.Moralistic
d.Collectivist
12.Morality is an important domain of self-concept that involves the capacity to distinguish right
from wrong and the capacity to choose to do right. The elements of morality include all of the
following EXCEPT:
a.Sociability
b.Emotions
c.Behaviors
d.Cognitions HGD Final Fall Questions And Answers [2023]
13.Current research, contrary to Freud’s predictions (in his psychoanalytic theory of moral development), indicates that signs of moral development begin to emerge at what age?
a.By one year
b.Toddler age
c.3 to 4 years of age
d.By middle childhood
14.In Piaget’s stages of moral development, what is the stage in which individuals strictly adhere to rules and believe rule violations are always punished?
a.Premoral period of morality
b.Autonomous morality
c.Conventional morality
d.Heteronomous morality
15.Kohlberg focused on the individual’s reasoning about moral issues. The stages in his preconventional level of moral development included the following beliefs EXCEPT:
a.Child obeys rules to avoid punishment.
b.Child questions authority because authority may not be right.
c.Child interprets rules literally and no judgment is involved. d.Child follows rules to serve her own interests.
16.One aspect of prosocial behavior is defined as follows: a child exhibits “feeling with” another person, recognizing the emotional need of the other, and experiencing what the other is assumed to be feeling. This definition specifically applies to which of the following?
a.Altruism
b.Sympathy
c.Empathy
d.Self-sacrifice
17.Which of the following characteristics is most closely linked to children who exhibit prosocial or helping behaviors?
a.High social anxiety
b.Low social anxiety
c.Hedonistic perspective
d.Low needs-oriented reasoning
18.What style of parenting seems to be most effective in fostering internalization of standards and values that lead to prosocial behavior in children?
a.Permissive
b.Strong power assertion
c.Authoritarian
d.Authoritative
19.In the social information-processing model, a child encodes cues and interprets the cues. An
