CSTU Liberty University Spring 18 Exam 3 // Chapter 9 with Complete Solutions

Written guarantees of forgiveness - ANSWER-Papal Indulgenes in ____________, ____________ nailed his 95 theses to a church door. - ANSWER-Whittenburg, Germany, Martin Luther Movement inspired by Martin Luther's challenge - ANSWER-Reformation Reformation divided Western Christianity into - ANSWER-Roman Catholic and Protestant faiths Scriptura sola, fide sola, gratia sola - ANSWER-Only scripture, only faith, only grace Because _________ could be administered only by a priest, the Church controlled the believer's access to salvation - ANSWER-sacraments Sacraments - ANSWER-religious ceremonies regarded as a visible sign of divine grace: penance, communion, matrimony, ect In hiding, Luther undertook a translation of the _____________ into ___________ - ANSWER-New Testament, German Made the Christian faith accessible to the common believer - ANSWER-Protestantism 2nd wave of Protestantism, _________ emerged as a reformation leader in Geneva, Switzerland - ANSWER-John Calvin () Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) which defined Protestant doctrine and became the Reformation's most widely read theological work. - ANSWER-Calvin the belief that God determines before birth which Christians will gain salvation - ANSWER-Predestination In Spain, ________&________ combined their regional thrones in 1479 and ended the Muslim rule in southern Spain. - ANSWER-Ferdinand and Isabella established the Tutor Dynasty - ANSWER-Henry VII of England claimed wealth was a sign of God's favor - ANSWER-Protestant ethic opened the "New World" to European conquest in 1492, sponsored by Isabella and Ferdinand of Spain - ANSWER-Christopher Columbus ___________________architecture generally struck a compromise between medieval traditions and Italian-style classicism - ANSWER-Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance palace in France - ANSWER-Chateau de Chambord Northern Renaissance's "most sumptuous art" - ANSWER-Tapestries famed for her beauty and influence, cherished companion of King Henry II of France (ruled ), skilled in medicine and midwifery - ANSWER-Diane de Poitiers Northern European painters developed __________ and used oil paint. - ANSWER-visual realism masterpiece by the Van Eyck brothers - ANSWER-the Ghent Altarpiece a Flemish painter who excelled in jewel-like detail and vivid colors, acknowledged master of Northern realism () - ANSWER-Jan van Eyck the Arnolfini Portrait - ANSWER-Jan van Eyck Netherlandish painter, , painted "Garden of Earthly Delights" - ANSWER-Hieronymus Bosch The first genuinely humanist artist of the Northern Renaissance, (), a master painter and graphic artist who also wrote treatises on pictorial technique - ANSWER-Albrecht Durer the North's first important post-Reformation painter (), fascinated by the lives of common folk and their relationship to the land - ANSWER-Pieter Bruegel The most important and famous Christian humanist () - ANSWER-Desiderius Erasmus Erasmus's best-known work (1509) - ANSWER-In Praise of Folly Described an alternative society of Christian justice and piety in his Utopia (1516), in essence a Christian answer to Plato's Republic. - ANSWER-Thomas More this Christian humanist () practiced skepticism and unflinching self-examination. Born to a noble family in Bordeaux (in southwest France), received an exemplary humanist education, and served as a courtier and advisor. In 1571, however, he retired to his family home and began to write his Essais (Essays; 1580, 1588),