CSTU 101 Walker Final Exam- Solved

- ANSWER-The Age of Industry The belief that science, technology, and industry can know all truth, solve all problems, and create human happiness. - ANSWER-Materialism - German and philosophical idealist - responsible for the phrase "The real is rational, the rational is real." - The "mind engaged in a creative struggle with history's materials and circumstances" what Hegel calls the "dialectic" - ANSWER-Georg Hegel believed that "history was propelled by material forces and the struggle of the classes." - ANSWER-Karl Marx "Das Kapital" "The Communist Manifesto" - ANSWER-Karl Marx, key works "The philosophic belief that moral good lies in the greatest happiness for the greatest number." - ANSWER-Utilitarianism - utilitarianist argues that "happiness promised by social reforms could be positively and empirically measured." - ANSWER-Jeremy Bentham - utilitarianist - key work: "On Liberty" - advocates for women's rights to vote in his "The Subjection of Women" - "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." - ANSWER-John Stuart Mill "Origin of Species" - develops this theory of natural selection, in which he argues that "humans had evolved naturally from lower animals, according to inexorable laws of mutation and adaptation." - social Darwinism - ANSWER-Charles Darwin - England was the most prosperous and powerful of all industrial nations - Era takes name from the long reign of Queen Victoria - "stunning technological advances" - ANSWER-England & Victorian Era - the crystal palace designed by Joseph Paxton - covering 26 acres with full size trees and garden - iron and glass construction marks period - ANSWER-Great Exhibition in London - "first truly modern buildings arose in the North American heartland." - ANSWER-America: Modern City - Chicago architect develops first modern "skyscraper" - "form follows function" - Chicago-style skyscrapers became known as "commercial palaces" - ANSWER-Louis Sullivan - distinct chief new material: iron-and-glass construction - example: The Eiffel Tower by Gustav Eiffel - example: National Library by Henri Labrouste - redevelopment plan by Baron Georges- Eugene Houssmann - ANSWER-Paris: Modern City "The truthful and objective representation of the social world, without illusion or imaginative alternation" - ANSWER-Realism in Art "Burial at Ornans" - declares that "painting can only consist of the presentation of real and existing things." - ANSWER-Gustave Courbet - towering figure post-Courbet in Paris - known for his updating of traditional paintings - "Luncheon in the Grass" - ANSWER-Edouard Manet - "The Gross Clinic" - Known for his combination of "realist technique" with an "American matter-of-factness." - ANSWER-Thomas Eakins - Uncompromising desire to portray honest details of form, depth, and proportion - ANSWER-Scientific realism "The Gulf Stream" "Breezing Up" - ANSWER-Winslow Homer - british novelist - most ""outspoken in his protests against the injustices of industrialism" - his work focuses on the "social evils of nineteenth-century England, particularly its cruelty to children." - ANSWER-Charles Dickens depicts in a highly fictionalized manner, Dickens' rise from poverty to literary prominence. - ANSWER-"David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens depicts most clearly the immoral nature of the orphanage and legal system - ANSWER-"Oliver Twist" by Charles Dickens