D027 Pathopharm | 193 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

color blindness and hemophilia - sex-linked traits, cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia. Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - -Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule* -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes Diuril (chlorothiazide) - 1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination Calcium Channel Blockers - (INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension Ca Channel Blockers - Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem) ACE inhibitors adverse effects - 1. first dose hypotension 2. orthostatic hypotension cardia sensitvity insufficiency 6. hyperkalemia 7. Angioedema 8. Bone marrow depressionBeta Blockers - decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi