CDFM Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct | Latest 2023/2024 | VERIFIED

What prevents Congress and the President from unilaterally making laws and treaties? - correct answersSeparation of Power What give Congress the authority to make laws? - correct answersArticle 1, Section 8 of the Constitution Who reviews the constitution for interpretation of the constitution? - correct answersSupreme Court Who has the power to raise taxes given in Article 1 of the Constitution? - correct answersCongress (Legislative Branch) What does the Congress of the US consist of? - correct answersSenate (6 yrs); House (2 yrs) All bills for raising Revenue shall originate where? But the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. - correct answersHouse of Representative To be able to override a presidential veto, the House has to have a majority to pass the bill; and if approved, then goes to the Senate for a vote to pass the bill. If approved, the Bill becomes Law. What is the percentage the vote has to pass by in both the House & Senate? - correct answers2/3 and 2/3 If any Bill shall not be returned by the President after it has been presented to him, the Same shall be a law. How many days? - correct answers10 Days Who has the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and Excises to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. - correct answersCongress Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution allows for what? - correct answers1) borrow money on credit 2) regulate commerce; 3) Coin money; 4) Constitute Tribunals; 5) Declare War; 6) Raise and support Armies; 7) provide and maintain Navy; 8) Make Rules for Government Regulation of land and naval forces; 9) Provide for calling forth Militia; 10) to make all laws No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in the Consequence of Appropriations made by law. - correct answersArticle 1, Section 9 Once the money officially and legally gets into the Treasury, to be able to use the money, what does Congress have to do? - correct answersWrite a Law Gives executive power to the President to be the Commander in Chief and to execute the laws - correct answersArticle 2 Executive Branch The President has the power to nominate and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint these officials. Name 2? - correct answersAmbassadors & Supreme Court Judges How often does the President give to Congress the State of the Union (Jan/Feb) time frame. - correct answersOnce year Who and what branch is responsibly for faithfully executing the laws enacted by Congress (Legislative Branch)? - correct answersPresident (Executive Branch) The Supreme Court does not deal in the matter of what? - correct answersState Laws A new Congress convenes for two years following the November general elections, it consists of how many sessions, and each in what duration? - correct answers2 sessions; 1 year duration This may originate either in the House of Representatives or in the Senate. There is little practice difference between a bill and a " ", once agree, it goes to the President for signature. - correct answersJoint Resolution Matters affecting the operation of the House & Senate and both chambers agree, does not go to the President for signature. - correct answersConcurrent Resolution The House and Senate can each write an matter concerning the operation on its own. Applies to the chamber that created it. Knows as the H.Res & S.Res - correct answersSimple Resolution During the State of The Union, what message is the President giving? - correct answersState of Union, recommend measures necessary and expedient Can an Executive Branch Department pass legislation with the approval of OMB and on Behalf of the president, to a congressional committee or subcommittee - correct answersYes, but must be approved by OMB Who resolves differences between the HR and the Senate? - correct answersConference Committee (Third Chamber) What is usually the first step in the process for consideration by committee? - correct answersPublic Hearing When a Conference Committee is convened dealing with an amendment, what can the conferees do and not do? - correct answersOnly deal with matters in disagreement; cannot insert new matter or leave out matter agreed on The final step after the Conference Committee Resolution after a measure has been passed in identical form by both the House andSenate, it is considered to be what? - correct answers"Enrolled" (then sent to the president) What was declared unconstitutional in 1998 with respect to Presidential Veto? - correct answersLine Item Veto If the President Veto a Bill, it is returned to the house of original acting first. If the Bill does not receive 2/3 vote, it is sustained and the bill fails to become law. If it receives the required 2/3 vote, an endorsement to the effect is made on the back of the bill and it is then transmitted, with the accompany message, the to the second house for its action. What has to happen for the Bill to become Law? - correct answersThe next house has to pass it with a 2/3 vote to become law. Who is responsible for the 3 phases of the Budget Cycle? - correct answersOMB What are the 3 Phases of the Budget Cycle? - correct answersBudget Formulation, Congressional Action and Budget Execution Who does the Federal budget belong to? - correct answersThe President The Budget Formulation processed is governed by this? - correct answersOMB Circular A-11 OMB Circular A-11 sets out the promises of the president - correct answersPresidential Priorities What are the six major steps in the budget formulation process laid out in OMB Circular A-11? - correct answers1) OMB Issues guidance; 2) Organization develops draft; 3) Agency submit budget estimates to OMB; 4) OMB hold hearings on Agency Budgets; 5) President makes final decisions on Agency budgets; 6) President transmits the budget to Congress. What organization is responsible for helping the President with spending policy, managing the executive budget, and providing advice an dangles on a broad range of topics? - correct answersAdditional OMB Duties The President is responsible to transmit the budget of the US government to congress NLT when? - correct answers1st Monday in February each year Congress she process authorization legislation, which authorizes or allows programs to exist. They also pass appropriations, which provide funding for programs - correct answersCongressional Action Phase The President signs the bills into law that provides legal budget authority to incur obligations and make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. - correct answersAppropriation In the Congressional Action Phase, who holds hearing in January in preperation for drafting the concurrent resolution of the budget? - correct answersBudget Committees Budget Committees this to their respective houses. The resolution sets spending revenue and other budget targets for the upcoming fiscal year. - correct answersConcurrent Resolution - April of each year This is the process of estimating the budgetary effects of pending legislation and comparing them to a baseline such as a budget resolution or to any limits that may be set in law. - correct answersScorekeeping What data does scorekeeping track? - correct answersbudget authority, receipts, outlays, surplus or deficit, and the public debt This resolution fixes new budget authority and outlay target and establishes target for the Gross National Debt, revenues, and surplus/deficit. - correct answersBudget Resolution This resolution does not require the signature of the President. It is the first step in the Congressional Budget Process. - correct answersConcurrent Budget Resolution This Bill may not exceed the ceilings set in the CBR w/out a 60% majority vote of the entire congress & CBO monitors for compliance. - correct answersAnnual Appropriation Bill Defense, Military Construction/Veterans Affairs & Energy and Water - correct answersDefense Relates Appropriations Acts When a statutes language is not clear as written, the best place to go for interpretation of the law is where? - correct answersLegislative History Who will provide DoDs position on appeal items? - correct answersSECDEF Amends the budgets submission prior to completion of a congressional act....they have been submitted but not yet processed by congress - correct answersBudget Amendments Normally transmitted to Congress as requests to provide funds in addition to amounts already appropriated for the ongoing fiscal year. - correct answersSupplmental Requests What provides budget authority for specific ongoing activities for a specific period of time? - correct answersContinuing Resolution (CR) Budget authority and the availability of budgetary resources for obligation and expenditure are limited by the following elements. - correct answersTime, Purpose & Amount The period of time of that the budget resources may incur new obligations is different from the period of time during which budgetary resources may be used to insure expenditures. - correct answersTime This is distributed by OMB as part of the apportionment process. - correct answersBudget Authority This process begins with the President's signature on the appropriations bill. - correct answersBudget Execution Process What is the Form that OSD has to send to OMB to request apportionment within 10 days of the Presenting signing the appropriations bill? - correct answersSF-132 What does the apportionment provide to the Federal agencies? - correct answersObligation Authority OSD/OMB negotiates apportionments (OSD must request apportionment via form SF132). OMB has 30 days after the appropriations act passage to effect apportionment. - correct answersWithin 10 days of the appropriations Act Financial control document issued by the Treasury Department - correct answersAppropriation Warrant What devices up the appropriation? - correct answersApportionment Apportionment is required by what USC? - correct answers31 USC 1512 Apportionment helps to achieve the cost effective and economical use of what? - correct answersAvailable Funds It is a violation of law for an agency to incur obligations or make expenditures in excess of what? - correct answersthe amount apportioned The President is required to send a notice to the appropriate commitment. If Congress does not notify the President within 45 days to release the funds, the funds may be what? - correct answersDeferred (2 USC 684) Funds that are cancelled by congressional action. - correct answersRescission Required the system of administrative controls - correct answers31 USC 1514 is not required for the operation and maintenance appropriation accounts, revolving funds accounts, or military personnel appropriation accounts, but may be used if cost effective. - correct answersCommitment Accounting Legal reservation of funds are the amounts of orders places, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions during an accounting period that will require payment during the same or future periods. - correct answersObligations certification that certifies to the KO purpose, time and amount. The basis for a commitment - correct answersFiduciary Certifies vouchers for payments - correct answersCertifying Officers Appropriates the funds and sends to OMB for apportionment - correct answersCongress Apportions the funds to the Agencies for execution - correct answersOMB Responsible for Allots, commits, obligates and outlays the funding - correct answersAgency funds that have actually been moved from the federal treasury - correct answersOutlays Who is the primary oversight committee for the DoD programs? - correct answersHAC & SAC Who's is the head of the Comptroller General? - correct answersGovernment Accountability Office (GAO) 1) Budget Formulation, 2) Congressional Review 3) Budget Execution - correct answersFederal Budget Process The budget formulation is based on performance planning/reporting as required by what? - correct answersGovernment Performance and Results Act (GPRA) Government budget outlays exceed its budget receipts for any given period - correct answersBudget Deficit the transactions of Government entities that laws exclude from the on-budget totals (those of SSA, Trust Fund, and Postal Service are not included in the budget deficit) - correct answersBudget totals Specific statutory authority to incur obligations - correct answersContract authority Cash value of the resources allocated to a particular program - correct answersCost Budgetary resources provided in an appropriations act. - correct answersDiscretionary Spending Authority to make payments - correct answersEntitle Authority Occurs when a check is issued - correct answersExpenditure Spending that is controlled by laws. - correct answersMandatory Spending Primary measure of government spending - correct answersOutlay How large is discretionary spending, budget authority that is indefinite - correct answers34% This spending is mandatory for entitlement programs such as SS, corporate income taxes, excise taxes, etc. This is a "permanent appropriation" - correct answersNonDiscretionary What makes up the greatest revenue source? - correct answersIndividual Income Taxes Requires the President to submit an annual budget proposal to congress and established the OMB and the GAO. - correct answers1921 Budget and Accounting Act Established House and Senate Budget Committees. Changed FY to 1 Oct - 30 Sep from 1 Jul - 30 Jun - correct answers1974 Congressional Budget Impoundment Control Act Pay as you go on any spending outside the appropriation that would increase the deficit. Often referred to as the Gramm-Rudman Hollings Act - correct answers1987 Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act Discretionary Spending is the budget authority controlled by annual appropriations acts and the outlays that result from the BA. Established Pay-as-you-go entitlements (can't add a new one without getting rid of an old one) - correct answers1990 Budget Enforcement Act Authority was briefly granted in 1996 and used by President Bill Clinton until it was declared unconstitutional in 1998. - correct answers1996 Line Item Veto Act Military departments are responsible of recruiting, training, and equipping their forces, but operational control of those forces is assigned to one of the Combatant Commands. Who sets the End Strength? - correct answersCongress The process for determining requirements for budgetary purposes and reporting strengths to OMB - correct answersManpower Management Number of personnel in, or projected to be in, an organization or account at a specified point in time. Seats filled. - correct answersActual Strength Actual strength of an entire service, not necessarily equal to combined unit actual strengths because individuals may be assigned but not joined. - correct answersAssigned Strength US Citizens or foreign national hired directly or indirectly to work for DoD, paid from appropriated or non-appropriated funds under permanent or temporary assignment. Specifically excluded are all Government contractor employees. - correct answersDoD Civilian Workforce Authorized and programmed strength at the end of the fiscal year for active forces, selected reserve, and appropriated-fund civilian employees in the FYDP. - correct answersPeacetime Strength Terminating or differing activities not essential to the war effort in order to permit the reallocation of personnel to higher priority tasks. Assigning military personnel only to those jobs that contribute to the war (exceptions apply) - correct answersDoD Manpower Utilization Policy What jobs cannot be reassigned to non-military personnel during war effort? - correct answersMilitary incumbency is required by law, possessing military unique skills or experience, military authority or discipline is requisite of the position, alternative manpower is not availble An expansion of military members through mobilization may require an increase in what workforce? - correct answersIncrease in Civilian workforce Mobilization is the process of assembling, organizing and using manpower and material resources in preparation for war or other emergency. The mobilization process can help deter war as well as enhance war fighting capability. - correct answersMaster Mobilization Plan (MMP) Gives the President authority to order to active duty Selected Reserve and Ready Reserves w/o the consent of Congress for no more than 365 days. - correct answers10 USC 12304 A position based designation stating that a person occupying an E-E position could be deployed to a crisis area. - correct answersEmergency Essential Personnel budget estimates are prepared in terms of full-time equivalent (Fee) employment, as required by.. - correct answersOMB Circular A-11 DoD Separation Incentives - requires that buyout payments be paid from amounts available for the employee's pay, and generally, be fully repaid if the employee rejoins the Federal Government within fiver years of separation - correct answers5 USC 9902(i) Requires annual list of activities performed by executive agency that are not inherently government functions. These are lists of positions that are not considered to be inherently governmental - correct answersFederal Activities Inventory Reform Act of 1998 (FAIR Act) Positions that can be done by contractor personnel - correct answersNon-inherently governmental The head of the Executive agency shall promptly transmit a copy of the list to Congress to make the list available to the public. The director OMB shall promptly publish in the Federal Register a notice that the list is available to the public. - correct answersPublic Availability of Lists Executive agency shall use a process to select the source (except where except by law) - correct answersCompetition Required This defines activities in two categories, commercial activity, and inherently governmental activity - correct answersOMB Circular A-76 Determination of agency policy, such as determining the content and application of regulations, among other things - correct answersInherently governmental is designed to empower Federal managers to make sound and justifiable business decisions. It is not simply designed just to contract out. - correct answersOMB Circular A-76 Process starts and ends w/Congress - correct answersFair Act Serve as the score of work for making cost comparisons - correct answersA-76 Cost Competition Process Performance Work Statements Neither funds nor manpower authorizations shall be removed from the activity's budget in anticipation of the outcome. - correct answersCost Comparison Study DoD components shall notify congress of the intention to do a cost comparison involving more than how many DoD civilian personnel? - correct answers46 requires the congressional notification and employee notification of an A-76 Cost Competition Process - correct answersDoDI 4100.33 HOW MANY BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT DID THE CONSTITUTION ESTABLISH? - correct answers3 WHAT WAS THE PREDECESSOR TO THE CONSTITUTION? - correct answersARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION IN WHICH ARTICLE OF THE CONSTITUTION IS THE POWER TO RAISE TAXES? - correct answersARTICLE 1 WHAT OCCURS WHEN CONGRESS IS NOT IN SESSION AND THE PRESIDENT DOES NOT SIGN A PROPERLY PRESENTED ENROLLED BILL WITHIN TEN DAYS? - correct answersPOCKET VETO HOW FREQUENTLY DOES THE CONGRESS REVIEW THE DOD BUDGET REQUEST? - correct answersANNUALLY APPROXIMATELY WHAT PERCENT OF TOTAL FEDERAL SPENDING IS DISCRETIONARY SPENDING? - correct answers34 PERCENT WHICH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTS LAWS? - correct answersEXECUTIVE BRANCH WHICH BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT IS AUTHORIZED TO RAISE TAXES AND BORROW MONEY? - correct answersLEGISLATIVE CONGRESS WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE COMMITTEE THAT ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HOUSE AND SENATE VERSIONS OF THE BILL? - correct answersCONFERENCE COMMITTEE OR THIRD CHAMBER WHICH AGENCY ISSUES DIRECTIONS FOR USE BY OTHER AGENCIES IN SUBMITTING THEIR BUDGET ESTIMATES? - correct answersOFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB