Nursing 225 Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Correct Answer Backward flow of acidic stomach contents in esophagus --Acid reflux --Stomach contents are highly acidic, esophagus is not able to withstand the acidic contents, so can cause many symptoms Etiology: Inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter --Sphincter controls movement of stuff into stomach, so if it relaxes inappropriately can allow stomach contents to come back up Can be worsened by a hiatal hernia --Portion of stomach protrudes up through diaphragm, so more likely for things to reflux hiatal hernia Correct Answer upper portion of stomach protrudes up through diaphragm GERD clinical manifestations Correct Answer heart burn reflux: foul taste, can feel it coming up chest pain GERD diagnosis Correct Answer clinical history acid suppression trial: suppresses acid secretion, if symptoms are relieved then diagnosed endoscopy: for severe, prolonged symptoms. invasive test esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Correct Answer person has anesthesia, scope passes through esophagus, into stomach and into duodenum GERD complications Correct Answer Esophageal strictures --Scar tissue forms, develop areas of narrowing in lumen of esophagus and cause swallowing issues Barrett's Esophagus --Mutation of cells lining esophagus --Squamous (normal) to columnar (under high acidity, become mutated) epithelium (More prone to becoming malignant later on) Bronchospasm