NSG 5002 Final Exam – Advanced Theoretical Perspectives for Nursing-Questions and Answers

NSG 5002 Final Exam – Advanced Theoretical Perspectives for Nursing-Questions and Answers/NSG 5002 Final Exam – Advanced Theoretical Perspectives for Nursing-Questions and Answers. As patients that entrust our care to another individual, we always expect honesty to avoid leading us down a deceptive pathway in our healthcare decisions. Adherence to which principle compels providers to be truthful What purpose does the principle of fidelity serve in the provider/patient relationship? We all know that collaboration is integral to becoming a successful nurse practitioner. Among collaborations, however, only one can be considered as the most important. While each example below is important, which is the most important collaboration? The one that occurs: Chronic, non-communicable diseases account for disproportionate costs to the healthcare system. According to the World Health Organization, what percent of preventable deaths and disabilities occur in the Americas related to chronic non-communicable diseases? Improvements in the delivery and management of healthcare are necessary if we are to improve the overall health of this nation’s population. Which of the following are identified in your readings as strategic in the movement to improve the healthcare system? Encouragement of patients to take effective actions in their own healthcare refers to the concept of: Population disease management is a term used to describe: Changes in Medicare are a method the government uses to make changes to reimbursement schedules for healthcare. Currently, Medicare reimburses nurse practitioners for all services, even those deemed to be exclusive to nursing? Medicare covers inpatient hospital services under which part of the Medicare insurance? Medicare hospital insurance (Part A) is funded through what system? Medicaid is mandated to be provided by each state through federal codes. Each state must offer Medicaid exactly as the federal government prescribes. Eligibility for Medicaid includes the following: Narrowed coronary arteries or plague rupture within the arteries of the coronary system may directly cause which condition? What happens to coronary flow related to CAD? In CAD, after both systolic and diastolic dysfunction have occurred, the typical pattern of chest pain and related EKG changes occur. During an EKG, you should expect to see ST-segment and T-wave changes that are central to demonstration of ischemia occurring relatively late in the ischemic cascade. What is considered the first-line initial approach to test for CAD? What are two of the most common forms of Exercise Stress Tests used today? Maintenance of an Isometric ST-segment during exercise is the response of? By standard criteria, how is a positive stress test defined? Your patient underwent an exercise stress test for CAD. There is significant elevation of the ST-segYour patient underwent an exercise stress test for CAD. There is significant elevation of the ST-segment. What do you need to know about these changes to manage your patient’s care?Your patient underwent an exercise stress test for CAD. There is significant elevation of the ST-segment. What do you need to know about these changes to manage your patient’s care?ment. What do you need to know about these changes to manage your patient’s care? After completion of the exercise stress test, you would measure the ST-segment depression after the J point of the QRS. The J point is located where in relation to the QRS? What ECG changes can reduce the specificity of the ETT? Why would inability to exercise reduce the specificity of the routine ETT? The sensitivity of a routine ETT is effort dependent. What physiological changes occur during effort in the routine ETT? Specifically, when is an ETT considered to be negative? Your mentor says that you should be prepared to know how to determine the maximum heart rate for your patient during the ETT. How is the age-predicted maximum heart rate during an ETT determined? Your patient has a maximum age-predicted heart rate of 180. During the exercise, he reaches a heart rate of 140 and then states he can no longer exercise. You see no evidence of ischemia on the ECG. This would be diagnostic for what condition? Your patient has a maximum age-predicted heart rate of 180. During the exercise he reaches a heart rate of 140 and then states he can no longer exercise. You see evidence of ischemic changes on the ECG. This would be predictive of what condition? Ischemic changes on ECG during ETT is highly predictive of CAD. What is another important strong predictor of CAD that you might see during an ETT? The leads on the ECG showing ischemic changes during or immediately after an ETT can correlate roughly to the culprit artery or arteries with significant CAD. Your practice partner just ordered an exercise echocardiography 2DE for a patient with suspected cardiovascular risk. This patient has known resting wall motion abnormalities. Why would this not be the best test to assess this patient’s cardiac risk? You are considering adding an adjunctive form of testing to detect wall motion abnormalities during the ETT. You-select Echocardiography as the added testing. You choose this test because you know that echocardiography does what when added to a standard ETT? On the echocardiography during the ETT you notice the following change: abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction. What do these changes suggest related to this patient? Your patient cannot sit on a bicycle and has difficulties walking a treadmill with limited capacity for exercising. Still, you know that the ETT is the preferred test for CAD. You consider adding a pharmacological agent to get to maximum heart rate. What agent would be the most commonly used agent to assist in an ETT? Your patient is morbidly obese and cannot sit on a bicycle or walk a treadmill. She also has marked and severe emphysema. You need to make an assessment of the risk of significant CAD and your patient’s family says that their relative had their diagnosis based on an ultrasound echocardiography. What facts would influence your decision regarding the family request for echo assessment? You are in the clinic with your mentor observing the Echocardiogram exercise test of a 45-year old male that has been experiencing slight chest pressure almost daily during exercise. While observing your patient, your mentor points out that the left ventricle wall is thinning and there is some hyperkinesias of the ventricular wall. From your time in the clinic, you know that this test will be considered to be what type of result? Of the answers below, which would be included in defining a positive Exercise Echocardiogram? What three conditions definitely alter the results of echocardiography in determining CAD