EKG Flash Chart

EKG Flash ChartRhythm ECG Characteristics Example Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) Rate: 60-100 per minute Rhythm: R- R = P waves: Upright, similar P-R: 0.12 -0 .20 second & consistent qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs: 1P:1qRs Sinus Tachycardia Causes: ‰ Exercise ‰ Hypovolemia ‰ Medications ‰ Fever ‰ Hypoxia ‰ Substances ‰ Anxiety, Fear ‰ Acute MI ‰ Fight or Flight ‰ Congestive Heart Failure Rate: 100 Rhythm: R- R = P waves: Upright, similar P-R: 0.12 -0 .20 second & consistent qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs: 1P:1qRs Sinus Bradycardia Causes: ‰ intrinsic sinus node disease ‰ increased parasympathetic tone ‰ drug effect. Rate: 60 Rhythm: R- R = P waves: Upright; similar P-R: 0.12 -0 .20 second & consistent qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs: 1P:1qRs Rhythm ECG Characteristics Example Premature Atrial Contractions (PAC) Causes: ‰ normal ‰ excessive use of caffeine, tobacco, or alcohol ‰ CHF ‰ Myocardial ischemia or injury ‰ Hypokalemia, Dig toxicity ‰ COPD Rate: usually 100, dependant On underlying rhythm Rhythm: irregular P waves: Early & upright, different from Sinus PR: 0.12 – 0.20 second; different from Sinus qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second P:qRs = 1:1 Atrial Flutter Causes: ‰ ischemic heart disease ‰ Hypoxia ‰ Acute MI ‰ Dig Toxicity ‰ Mitral or Tricuspid valve disease ‰ Pulmonary embolism Rate: Atrial rate 250-350 Vent 150 common Rhythm: Atrial = Regular Vent = Reg. or irreg P waves: Not identifiable F waves: Uniform (sawtooth or picket fence ) PRI: not measurable qRs: 0.04 – 0.10 second Atrial Fibrillation ‰ Ischemic heart disease ‰ Hypoxia ‰ Acute MI ‰ Digitalis toxicity ‰ Mitral or tricuspid disease Rate: Atrial: 400-700 Vent. 160-180/minute Rhythm: Atrial: irregular; Vent.: irregular P waves: No identifiable Ps f waves: may be seen. PRI: unable to measure (No identifiable P) qRs: usually normal PAC = Rhythm ECG Characteristics Example Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia Causes: ‰ Same as PACs Rate: usually 160-220 Rhythm: Regular P waves: differ in shape from