Pediatrics Exam #2 Study Guide

Pediatrics Exam #2 Study GuideDevelopment (14 Questions): Erickson stages  Trust v Mistrust (Birth to 1 year) o Trust- Exist only to relation to something or someone  Consistent loving care by a motherly person is essential o Mistrust- Trust promoting experiences are deficient or lacking when needs are not met.  Autonomy v Shame and doubt (1-3 years) o Autonomy- Toddlers want to do things themselves with newly acquired motor skills o Shame and doubt- Occurs when children are made to feel small and selfconscious, when others shame, choice distarous, forced to be dependent in areas.  Initiative v Guilt (3-6 years) o Initiative- Explore the physical world with activity and imagination o Guilt- May take on activities that conflict with parents and others o Feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear may result from thoughts that differ from expected behavior  “Magical thinkers”, egocentric, animism  Industry v Inferiority (6-12 years) o Industry-Ready to be workers and or producers. Engage in activities that they can carry through completion. Learn rules and cooperate. o Inferiority- If too much is expected of them or they believe they can’t measure up.  Identity v Role Confusion (12-18years) o Identity- Children become occupied by the way they feel and appear in the eyes of others compared to their own self-concept. o Role Confusion- Inability to solve the core concept Types of play and which age groups utilize each type most often  Parallel Play-Children play independently but with other children. Play with toys similar with children around them and are not influenced by the children around them. Play is besides, but not with, other children. Toddlers  Associative play- Children play together and are engaged in a similar or even identical activity, but there is no organization, division of labor, leadership assignment, or mutual goal. Group play; playing house; no rules Preschoolers  Cooperative play- is organized, and children play in a group with other children. They discuss and plan activities for the purpose of accomplishing an end. School age and up Communication with infants/pre-school/school-age/teenagers  Infants- Soft quiet voice onlystudents  Preschoolers- Focus communication on them. Tell them what they can do or how they will feel. Experiences of others are of no interest to them. Use direct concrete thinking when talking with them.  School-age- Frequently reassure children that they are safe, have honest and open communication, encourage children to express their feelings, and provide time for unstructured play  Teenagers- Utilize open ended questions and confidentiality is important in this age group  Use play t