Chemistry
, 0
2t
It halogen
cl Chlorine
(47) halide
curvideion 21-3+ 3-2-1-
Br, bromine bromide ion Br
7
> iodine
I
iodideion I
7
,MATTER
ATOM: all substancesare made out of these
ION:charged atoms thatcan be positive or negative
MOLECULE:formed when 2 or more atoms join together
ELEMENT:made of the same type of atom and cannot be broken
down into
any other substance.
COMPOUND:a substance thatis made up of 2 or more elements
CHANGING STATES
solid to liquid:melting liquid to solid:freezing
liquid to
gas evaporation gas:sublimation
solid to
gas to liquid:condensation gas solid:deposition
to
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES
the physical properties (shape, colour, mass, etc
physical change:change to
I
chemical change:When substance is transformed into 1 or more different
substances. They occur
through the process of chemical reactions.
chemical changes are irreversable, physical changes are.
SOLID IQVID
↓
GAS
layers
heat
particles are closetgt particles are close butparticles are far apart
arrangmentis strong no regular arrangmentarrangment is weak
forces are regular forces are irregular forces are random
, PURITY OF SUBSTANCES
PURE
substance:has no other substance mixed in it, and it
be
cannot separated.
substance:has other substances mixed
IMPURE in it, and can be
separated by filtration, distillation etc.
melting/boiling impure substances
curve for
↳
When a substance contains an impurity, its
melting pointfalls
and its rises. a nd over a range oftemp.
boiling
point melts
it boils
See a35
+
purification
solvent:a substance thatdissolves a solute
distance travelled by compound
Ifvalue: solute:a substance thatthe solvent dissolves
distance travelled by solvent
, 0
2t
It halogen
cl Chlorine
(47) halide
curvideion 21-3+ 3-2-1-
Br, bromine bromide ion Br
7
> iodine
I
iodideion I
7
,MATTER
ATOM: all substancesare made out of these
ION:charged atoms thatcan be positive or negative
MOLECULE:formed when 2 or more atoms join together
ELEMENT:made of the same type of atom and cannot be broken
down into
any other substance.
COMPOUND:a substance thatis made up of 2 or more elements
CHANGING STATES
solid to liquid:melting liquid to solid:freezing
liquid to
gas evaporation gas:sublimation
solid to
gas to liquid:condensation gas solid:deposition
to
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHANGES
the physical properties (shape, colour, mass, etc
physical change:change to
I
chemical change:When substance is transformed into 1 or more different
substances. They occur
through the process of chemical reactions.
chemical changes are irreversable, physical changes are.
SOLID IQVID
↓
GAS
layers
heat
particles are closetgt particles are close butparticles are far apart
arrangmentis strong no regular arrangmentarrangment is weak
forces are regular forces are irregular forces are random
, PURITY OF SUBSTANCES
PURE
substance:has no other substance mixed in it, and it
be
cannot separated.
substance:has other substances mixed
IMPURE in it, and can be
separated by filtration, distillation etc.
melting/boiling impure substances
curve for
↳
When a substance contains an impurity, its
melting pointfalls
and its rises. a nd over a range oftemp.
boiling
point melts
it boils
See a35
+
purification
solvent:a substance thatdissolves a solute
distance travelled by compound
Ifvalue: solute:a substance thatthe solvent dissolves
distance travelled by solvent
