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Political ideas 9 markers AQA
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All the questions and answers of political ideas that could be asked by exam board given by politics department with full answers and ideas.
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three ways in whichsocialist thinkers have
viewed equality
E + A three ways in Fundamental Democratic socialist 3rd way Anthony
which socialist socialist – Marx and – Beatrice webb – Giddens Human
thinkers have viewed Engels – human HN negatively nature impacted by
human nature nature is fraternal affected by changing socio-
and altruistic. capitalism and was a economic conditions
Human N ‘corrupting force’. as malleable.
contaminated by To protect Human Human nature can
capitalism which nature there should prosper under
encouraged not be a violent capitalism as long as
selfishness. Installed revolution but core socialist beliefs
a ‘false evolutionary change are upheld
consciousness’ so humanity could (fraternalism and
which is very be guided to natural collectivism) via
different to original state. state.
nature of mankind. Beyond Left and
Revolution will right 1994
solves communist
manifesto 1848.
3 ways socialist view Fundamental Democratic socialist 3rd way – Anthony
the state socialist – – existing state Giddens existing
‘dictatorship of harnessed to state can be used to
proletariat’ must be universal suffrage. steer society
created. Via violent State used as towards socialist
revolution. Marx gradual mechanism values and
and Engels to achieve socialism. traditional state
communist Webb against requires
manifesto 1848 – violent revolution constitutional
once state had and more reform. State should
cements socialist ‘inevitability of be improved by
values it would gradualism’ redistributing and
‘wither away’ and campaign peacefully decentralising
be replaced with to build socialist power with greater
communism a government. political
stateless society. participation.
Globalisation
influenced state.
3 ways socialist Fundamental Social democrats – Reformist socialist
support for socialist – marx and common ownership Beatrice Webb
collectivism and engels aimed for a was not end goal Fabian society –
common ownership stateless society and gone far enough common ownership
9 based on common true aim is equality. required as cap was
ownership ‘the end Future of socialism chaotic. Common
of history’. Needed 1956 Crosland ownership could
to abolish cap as wanted a mixed ‘secure workers the
, brought inequality economy allowing full fruits of their
via revolution. private ownership. labour’. Cap caused
Principle of ‘from Common Ownership ‘crippling poverty’
each according to significant value but
his ability to each not end goal.
according to his
needs’
3 ways socialists Fundamental Social democrats – 3rd way – Giddens in
viewed capitalism socialist – Marx, Anthony crossland – favour of cap but did
Engels and cap can work if think was ‘corrosive’
Luxemburg. Cap managed correctly. Capitalism enabled
created ‘surplus Keynesian people to ‘self
value’ making economics. State actualise’. Free
competition and intervention to bring market cap to
implant ‘seeds of equality and reduce empower individuals
own destruction’ ‘boom and bust’ of which would result
nurturing resentful capitalism. Welfare in less individualism.
class consciousness. state created with Require a proactive
Cap needed to be private sector economy investing
abolished by rev. involved with mixed in infrastructure and
economy. modernised
education to
prepare people for
economy – link to
globalised
capitalism.
Triangulation
neoliberal economy
3 ways socialist view Revolutionary Social democrats – 3rd way – Giddens –
society 9 socialist argue that Crosland. Society society undergone
society is sick increasingly embourgeoisement
defined by class complicated and egalitarians must
interest and conflict altered by harness rather than
and require rev for emergence of new destroy forces.
‘shock therapy’. social groups of Beyond left and
Perfect society is a ‘meritocratic’ right –
communist perfect managers. Social ‘individualism’ was
‘end of history’. equality was aim of key to create
Marx and Engels society not fraternal and would
believed there were ownership of means result in less
2 societies of production. individualism. Neo
bourgeoise and Crosland focused on liberal economy
proletariat as ‘two education in society with private
hostile camps’. end segregation in property and cap
Capitalist society schools which would can occur alongside
was ‘historically break down barriers society. Society
inevitable’ to endure of class divisions and gradually improved.
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