EES- Midterm Study Guide, Questions and answers. Rated A+

EES- Midterm Study Guide, Questions and answers. Rated A+ What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? - -The value of an independent value can be changed. You cannot change of the value of a dependent variable. The independent variable is the value which is manipulated in an experiment. The dependent variable is the value observed by the researcher during an experiment. What is the purpose of the control group in an experiment? - -The purpose of a control group is to compare results of an experiment to a controlled setting. It's really just to see how the results differ from normal conditions. What kind of map shows elevation? - -Topographic Map Circles on a topographic map show what type of land feature - -A hill. In the figure below, what direction is Green River Flowing? - -South East What is the contour interval of the figure below? - -100 If you were going from A to B, would you be increasing in elevation, or decreasing in elevation, or both? - -Decreasing. IF you were going from A to B, would you be going uphill, downhill, or both? - -Downhill What causes the seasons on planet earth? - -Earths tilt. What is the difference between precession and nutation? What causes each of these phenomenons? - -Procession is the same angle of tilt (direction the axis points constantly changes), while nutation is the wobbling, not maintaining the same angle of tilt like procession. These phenomenons are causes by the gravitational pull of the sun, the moon, and the earth. For nutation, however, it is the is the sun and moon's change of location relative to eachother. How does Earth move? Compare revolution and rotation. - -Earth moves around the sun- through the processes of rotation and revolution. Rotation- Turning or spinning of a body on its axis. (Day and night) 1 rotation= 1 day. Revolution, is the motion of a body along the PATH around some point in space. Earth revolves around the sun and the mood revolves around the earth. 1 revolution- 1 year. What is the difference between a planet and a star? A galaxy and a solar system? A galaxy and the universe? - -Planets do not undergo nuclear reactions, while stars do, don't burn hydrogen. Stars also form differently: Stars: when a cloud of gas, out in a nebula or other region of interstellar space, collapses under the influence of gravity. Planets: on the other hand, form when material in the disk around a pre-existing star begins to condense around rock/ice cores. Galaxy & Solar System: The analogy of the composition of the solar system and a galaxy can be drawn by imagining a gigantic piece of paper with hundreds of millions of dots on it. The solar system would be a single dot on such a paper, where as Milky Way, the galaxy in which the solar system resides, would constitute all the dots on the paper. Galaxy & Universe: See above. Universe contains anything and everything, all of the galaxies, stars, people, etc. Wegener's Hypothesis stated that the continents were once all joined together to form what supercontinent? - -Pangea List the 5 Pieces of evidence for Wegener's hypothesis? - -Continents fit like puzzle pieces, climate clues, fossil clues, correlation of rock layers. Define theory of plate tectonics. - -Theory that plates move in three different ways: divergent, convergent, and transform boundaries. Fill in the Diagram below and tell the characteristics of each layer you label. - -(Up & down) A. Crust- (Oceanic)- Extermely dense, made of basalt. (Continental)- Less dense, made of granite. Oceanic is located under convergent. We live on, most widely studied, and understood. 3-5 miles deep (Oceanic) 25/32 kilos thick under continents (continental) B. Mantle- Much hotter, has ability to flow (liquid rock) below, largest, 2900 kilo . Made of MAGNESIUM AND IRON. C. Core (inner and outer) Even hotter with pressure so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble. D. Lithosphere- Crust and upper layer of the mantle together, make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock.