Medical Nutrition Therapy Test Questions And Answers 2023

Respiratory Acidosis pH: 7.35 PaCO2 45 mmHg HCO3: usually normal but can increase slightly as a compensatory mechanism. Compensation: the kidneys compensate by retaining bicarbonate--this takes time Respiratory Alkalosis: pH: 7.45 PaCO2: 35 mmHg HCO3-: usually normal but can decrease slightly as a compensatory mechanism. Compensation: The kidneys can compensate by excreting bicarbonate, but this takes time. Metabolic Acidosis: pH: 7.35 HCO3-: 22 mEq/L Compensation: The lungs can compensate by increasing respiratory rate and depth to blow off more carbon dioxide. Metabolic Alkalosis: pH: 7.45 HCO3-: 26 mEq/L Chloride (Cl-): decreased Potassium (K+): decreased What is the condition? Metabolic acidosis pH=7.3 (LOW) PaCO2=35 mmHg (Normal) HCO3=20 mEq/L (LOW) metabolic alkalosis pH: 7.48 (high) PaCO2=38 mmHg (normal) HCO3=30 mEq/L (high) Condition: respiratory acidosis pH-7.3 (LOW) PaCO2-50 mmHg (HIGH) HCO3=24 mEq/L (NORMAL) Condition: Respiratory alkalosis pH=7.49 (high!) PaCO2=30 mmHg (low) HCO3=24 mEq/L (normal) Know causes of the 4 types of acid-base Disorder: Respiratory Acidosis: This occurs when there is an excess of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. Causes include hypoventilation, lung diseases, drugs, COPD, bronchitis, morbid obesity/Pickwickian syndrome, MS, overfeeding (especially with high CHO nutrition support. Drug Cholestyramine Disease State High cholesterol Drug Function Bile acid sequestrant used to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Drug: lactulose Disease state: Hepatic encephalopathy, constipation Drug fxn: osmotic laxative used to treat constipation and reduce ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy. Drug: Zocor/Lipitor Disease state: High Cholesterol Drug function: statin drugs used to lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce risk of cardiovascular events. Glucophage Disease: Type 2 diabetes Drug function: Oral anti-diabetic drug that improves insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose production in the liver Neomycin hepatic encephalopathy Drug function: antibiotic used to reduce bacterial flora in the gut and lower ammonia levels in hepatic encephalopathy. Fluorouracil disease state: cancer chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer including breast, colon and skin cancer