Section 1: Critical Thinking D265 WGU (Questions with error-free answers)

What is meant by validity or strength of an argument? correct answers Generally, Strong Arguments are ones that are convincing. And an argument is valid if the premises(if true) provide proof of the conclusion. What are the different types of inferences? correct answers - Deduction - Induction -Abduction Inference correct answers A conclusion one can draw from the presented details. deduction correct answers forming a general conclusion based on specific observations Induction correct answers forming a specific conclusion based on general premise. Abduction reasoning correct answers rules out explanations until most plausible remains truth correct answers A proposition that accurately represents reality. validity correct answers in a good deductive argument structure, when true premises make the conclusion necessarily true. invalidity correct answers One or two of the premises are false, thus making the conclusion false. Soundness correct answers The deductive argument is valid, and all premises are true premises. Unsoundness correct answers When the argument is invalid or the premises are false. How is truth connected to propositions? correct answers The relationship that holds between a proposition and its corresponding fact. If a proposition is true, then the conclusion is true, but if it's false then it's false. valid argument form correct answers an argument form in which every substitution instance is a valid (true) argument invalid argument form correct answers an argument form that has some invalid (false) substitution instances Differentiate between truth, strength, and cogency. correct answers - A strong argument can have a false conclusion even if it starts with true premises (strong arguments only make the conclusion probable, not certain). - cogent argument must have true premises. Cogency is strength plus true premises. Cogency: In a strong inductive argument, all premises are true.