NR-324 Adult Health I
NR324 Exam 2
What is the normal range for hematocrit?
37-52%
What hemoglobin number signifies severe anemia?
6 and less
What hemoglobin number range signifies moderate anemia?
6-10
Can people who have anemia exercise?
Yes, but keep it light
What are we concerned about in thrombocytopenia?
Bleeding due to low platelets
What are we concerned about in neutropenia?
Infection due to low neutrophils
What are we concerned about in anemia?
Impaired oxygenation due to low hemoglobin levels
,What medication causes the bone marrow to increase the production of neutrophils?
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
If a patient has hypoactive or absent bowel sounds, are they allowed to have oral
medications or NG tube feedings?
NO! Keep them NPO until X-ray is done to see what is going on.
After someone has went for an endoscopy, what first must we do before we allow
them to eat?
Check gag reflex
If a patient who has a perforation due to peptic ulcer disease, are we able to give
them antacids?
No. They should be NPO. NG tube may be ordered to decompress the stomach. Give
isotonic fluids to maintain hydration.
What can be given to patients to help the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Antacids, H2 receptor blockers, and/or proton pump inhibitors
Where does food and mineral absorption take place?
In the small intestine
Who has more malnutrition issues? Chron's disease or ulcerative colitis?
Chron's disease because inflammation is most commonly in the small intestine. The
small intestine is where nutrients and minerals are absorbed.
What electrolyte imbalances do patients who have IBS at risk of?
Hypokalemia from diarrhea and hypernatremia from fluid volume deficit
,What is the most important nursing intervention in patients who have peritonitis?
Maintain fluid and electrolytes
Where is a colostomy done?
In the colon; created with the loop of the large intestine
Where is an ileostomy done?
In the ileum; created with the end of the small intestine
Formed or loose stool with colostomies? How about ileostomies?
Colostomies = formed ileostomies = loose
GERD
- Stomach acid persistently and regularly flows up into the
esophagus
Causes:
- Incompetent LES (lower esophageal sphincter)
- Decrease if LES pressure tone (results from food and medications)
- Hiatal hernia
- Increased in intra-abdominal pressure (obesity, large meals, foods that cause gas)
Risk factors:
- Obesity
- Pregnant women
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Medications and supplements
- Hiatal hernia
- Diabetes
- Asthma
Manifestations:
- Heartburn (pyrosis)
- Dyspepsia (ingestion)
, - Dysphagia
- Regurgitation
- Belching
- Bitter taste
- Gum irritation
- Sore throat
- Hoarseness
- Chest tightness
- Asthma problems
- Lump in throat
Interventions:
- Decrease amount of reflux acid
- Reduce damage to lining of esophagus
Patient teaching:
- Avoid foods and beverages that weaken the LES (chocolate, peppermint, fatty
foods, caffeine, alcohol)
- Avoid foods and beverages that irritate and damage esophageal lining (citrus
fruits, tomato products, pepper)
- No smoking
- No large meals
- Lose weight
- Elevate HOB when sleeping
- No tight clothing around waist
- Take medications that control acid
Treatment:
- Antacids neutralize acid
- H2 receptor blockers reduce acid production --> cimetidine (Tagamet) and
famotidine (Pepcid)
- Proton pump inhibitors block acid production ---> lansoprazole (Prevacid) and
omeprazole (Prilosec)
NR324 Exam 2
What is the normal range for hematocrit?
37-52%
What hemoglobin number signifies severe anemia?
6 and less
What hemoglobin number range signifies moderate anemia?
6-10
Can people who have anemia exercise?
Yes, but keep it light
What are we concerned about in thrombocytopenia?
Bleeding due to low platelets
What are we concerned about in neutropenia?
Infection due to low neutrophils
What are we concerned about in anemia?
Impaired oxygenation due to low hemoglobin levels
,What medication causes the bone marrow to increase the production of neutrophils?
Filgrastim (Neupogen)
If a patient has hypoactive or absent bowel sounds, are they allowed to have oral
medications or NG tube feedings?
NO! Keep them NPO until X-ray is done to see what is going on.
After someone has went for an endoscopy, what first must we do before we allow
them to eat?
Check gag reflex
If a patient who has a perforation due to peptic ulcer disease, are we able to give
them antacids?
No. They should be NPO. NG tube may be ordered to decompress the stomach. Give
isotonic fluids to maintain hydration.
What can be given to patients to help the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease?
Antacids, H2 receptor blockers, and/or proton pump inhibitors
Where does food and mineral absorption take place?
In the small intestine
Who has more malnutrition issues? Chron's disease or ulcerative colitis?
Chron's disease because inflammation is most commonly in the small intestine. The
small intestine is where nutrients and minerals are absorbed.
What electrolyte imbalances do patients who have IBS at risk of?
Hypokalemia from diarrhea and hypernatremia from fluid volume deficit
,What is the most important nursing intervention in patients who have peritonitis?
Maintain fluid and electrolytes
Where is a colostomy done?
In the colon; created with the loop of the large intestine
Where is an ileostomy done?
In the ileum; created with the end of the small intestine
Formed or loose stool with colostomies? How about ileostomies?
Colostomies = formed ileostomies = loose
GERD
- Stomach acid persistently and regularly flows up into the
esophagus
Causes:
- Incompetent LES (lower esophageal sphincter)
- Decrease if LES pressure tone (results from food and medications)
- Hiatal hernia
- Increased in intra-abdominal pressure (obesity, large meals, foods that cause gas)
Risk factors:
- Obesity
- Pregnant women
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Medications and supplements
- Hiatal hernia
- Diabetes
- Asthma
Manifestations:
- Heartburn (pyrosis)
- Dyspepsia (ingestion)
, - Dysphagia
- Regurgitation
- Belching
- Bitter taste
- Gum irritation
- Sore throat
- Hoarseness
- Chest tightness
- Asthma problems
- Lump in throat
Interventions:
- Decrease amount of reflux acid
- Reduce damage to lining of esophagus
Patient teaching:
- Avoid foods and beverages that weaken the LES (chocolate, peppermint, fatty
foods, caffeine, alcohol)
- Avoid foods and beverages that irritate and damage esophageal lining (citrus
fruits, tomato products, pepper)
- No smoking
- No large meals
- Lose weight
- Elevate HOB when sleeping
- No tight clothing around waist
- Take medications that control acid
Treatment:
- Antacids neutralize acid
- H2 receptor blockers reduce acid production --> cimetidine (Tagamet) and
famotidine (Pepcid)
- Proton pump inhibitors block acid production ---> lansoprazole (Prevacid) and
omeprazole (Prilosec)
