Final Exam: Midterm Exam: NR576 / NR 576 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Updated) Differential Diagnosis in Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Exam Review| Guide with Verified Answers - Chamberlain

Final Exam: Midterm Exam: NR576 / NR 576 (Latest 2023/ 2024 Updated) Differential Diagnosis in Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Exam Review| Guide with Verified Answers - Chamberlain QUESTION Describe an intervention for a patient with gastroenteritis Answer: -Supportive care: fluid and nutrients -Low residue diet (BRAT) - no evidence that this helps, but may be more tolerable for pt -Viral cause = NO antibiotics -Education surrounding not prescribing antibiotics/not spreading germs/eating safe foods Imodium/Zofran/Phenergan QUESTION Discuss an appropriate treatment for prophylaxis or treatment of traveler's diarrhea Answer: -empirical antimicrobial therapy: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) 1 PO BID ×3d -ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 500 mg -norfloxacin (Noroxin) 400 mg -ofloxacin (Floxin) 300 mg QUESTION Identify at least one effective treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Answer: - For IBS - C o Psyllium (fiber) o docusate (softner) o bisacodyl/senna (stimulant/irritant) o loperamide (antidiarrheal) For IBS - D o dicyclomine (bentyl), hycosamine sulfate (Levsin) phenobarb/hycosamine (donnatal) anticholenergics - decrease motility of smooth muscle tone/decrease cramping, relaxes muscles in stomach/intestines o Linzess (linaclotide), Trulance (plecanatide), and Amitiza (lubiprostone): drugs work by acting locally on the apical membrane of the GI tract to increase intestinal fluid secretion and improve fecal transit Antidepressants for depression/anxiety component QUESTION Identify at least one prescription medication for the treatment of chronic constipation Answer: Linzess (linaclotide), Trulance (plecanatide), and Amitiza (lubiprostone): drugs work by acting locally on the apical membrane of the GI tract to increase intestinal fluid secretion and improve fecal transit - Movtantik (naloxegol) and Relistor (methylnaltrexone) for Opioid induced Miralax is a gentle but effective laxative that is safe for long-term use - OTC QUESTION Discuss at least one treatment for Meniere's disease Answer: Low salt diet and a diuretic pill Anti-vertigo medications Intratympanic injection with dex or gentamicin Air pressure pulse generator Surgery QUESTION Discuss that the majority of dyspnea complaints are due to cardiac or pulmonary decompensation Answer: -2/3 of symptomatic patients the etiology is due to cardiopulmonary disease -1/3 of all cases the cause of dyspnea is multifactorial -Common cardiopulmonary conditions: QUESTION Explain the differences between intra-thorax and extra-thorax flow disorders Answer: Flow Disorders -Intrathorax -Obstruction of distal/smaller airway -Extrathorax -Obstruction of proximal/larger airway QUESTION Identify at least three examples of flow disorders (intra and/or extra thorax) Answer: Intrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of distal/smaller airways -asthma -bronchiolitis -vascular ring -solid foreign body aspiration -lymph node enlargement pressure -These types of disorders cause expiratory effort in infants and also in children less than 5 years of age (bronchiolitis) -Extrathorax flow disorders: originate from obstruction of the larger airways -rhinitis with nasal obstruction, nasal polyp -cranio-facial malformation -obstructive sleep apnea -tonsil-adenoid hypertrophy -laryngo-tracheo-malacia -larynx papilloma -Diphtheria -croup, epiglottitis -thymus hypertrophy -Infants or children ages 5 and younger are affected, and they have clinical findings of inspiratory strido