Echo Registry Review Latest Updated

The right heart is associated with the _____ circulatory system and the left heart is associated with the ____ circulatory system. - ANSWER-Pulmonary / systemic The left heart is a ______ resistance system. - ANSWER-High PAP greater than ___ mmHg at rest signifies PHTN - ANSWER-25 _____ is the arterial pressure exerted on the walls of the systemic circulatory system. - ANSWER-Blood pressure ______ are responsible for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen within the tissues. - ANSWER-Capillaries In the adult, normal oxygen saturation in the right heart is ____% and normal in the left heart is ___%. - ANSWER-75 / 98 When describing intracardiac pressures, mean right atrial pressure = ____? - ANSWER-right ventricular end diastolic pressure Put the following in order in which blood travels to them from the aorta: venules, capillaries, arterioles, veins, arteries - ANSWER-arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins Stage 1 HTN = - ANSWER-130-139 / 80-89 mmHg The apex is positioned how? - ANSWER-inferior, rotates posterior, with rightward direction A fluid filled sac that encloses the heart and protects it against infection and trauma. - ANSWER-Pericardium Order of heart walls from inner layer to outer. - ANSWER-endocardium, myocardium, serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium List the anatomical order of the MV apparatus - ANSWER-annulus fibrosus, leaflets, chordae tendineae, antero-lateral papillary muscle & postero-medial The coronary sinus is positioned along the - ANSWER-posterior atrioventricular groove The great cardiac vein travels along the ______ artery - ANSWER-Left anterior descending The great cardiac vein collects blood from the _____, and drains into the _____ - ANSWER-anterior myocardium / coronary sinus The largest cardiac valve is the _____ - ANSWER-TV Normal TV orifice measurement - ANSWER-7 - 9 cm2 Normal TV velocity - ANSWER-0.3 - 0.7 m/s What is the most anterior chamber in the heart? - ANSWER-RV What is another name for the RVOT? - ANSWER-infundibulum Under normal circumstances which is greater, AV velocity or PV velocity? - ANSWER-AV velocity The LAA acts as a ______ chamber - ANSWER-decompression Normal measurements for the MV velocity and orifice ? - ANSWER-2.0 m/s velocity - 4-8 cm2 orifice Located in the center of the free edge of each AV cusp, these ensure complete closure of the AV. - ANSWER-Nodules of Arantius Aortic isthmus is located between the - ANSWER-Left subclavian artery and ligamentum arteriosum Left coronary artery divides into the - ANSWER-left anterior descending and left circumflex Right coronary artery divides into the - ANSWER-acute marginal and posterior descending During _____, all 4 valves are closed and the ventricular pressure increases - ANSWER-isovolumic contraction The largest volume in the heart during the cardiac cycle is known as the _____ volume. - ANSWER-End-diastolic Where/when is the largest normal pressure gradient within the heart? - ANSWER-across the MV during systole The equation for determining cardiac output - ANSWER-(EDV - ESV) X HR Fluid overload increases ______ and pressure overload increases _____ - ANSWER-preload / afterload