Adult Echo Registry Exam with Complete Solutions

A decreased EPSS indicates what? - ANSWER-Decreased ejection fraction and dilated left ventricle. Poor systolic function will be indicated on m-mode of the aortic valve as what? - ANSWER-A triangular shaped box. What two things on mitral valve m-mode can indicate an increase in LVEDP? - ANSWER-Premature closure ("C" occurs prior to QRS) and "B" notching/bump. False MVP can be caused by? - ANSWER-Placing transducer too high on the chest. Normal "A" wave dip of the PV on m-mode is? - ANSWER-2.7mm Normal measurements for the AO Root, ACS, and LA on AOV m-mode are? - ANSWER-20-37mm, 15-26mm (15), and 19-40mm. Normal measurements for m-mode LV are? - ANSWER-RVFW=5-8mm (7mm), RV= 19-16mm (27mm, real time says 19-38?) IVSd= 6-11mm, LVd= 37-56mm (57mm), LVs= 20-38mm (37mm), LVPW= 6-11mm We measure the aortic cusp separation at end diastole and the left atrium at end systole with real time, what are their normal diameters? - ANSWER-ACS = 15-26mm, LA = 23-38mm (20-40mm) What is the Teicholtz Method for obtaining ejection fraction? - ANSWER-LVIDV-LVISV/LVIDV times 100. What are the aortic valve leaflets and how many are there? - ANSWER-Three. Right coronary cusp, left coronary cusp, and non coronary cusp. What are the mitral valve leaflets and how many are there? - ANSWER-Two. Posterior and anterior. What are the pulmonic valve leaflets and how many are there? - ANSWER-Three. Anterior, Right and left posterior. What are the tricuspid valve leaflets and how many are there? - ANSWER-Three. Anterior, posterior, and septal/medial. What is the order of the conduction system? - ANSWER-SA Node 60-100bmp, AV Node 40-60bmp, Bundle of His, Right and left bundle branches, Purkinje FIbers 20-40bmp. What does each site of the conduction system do and where are they located? - ANSWER-SA Node is the pacemaker of the heart, located on the boarder of the SVC and RA. AV node is the electrical delay to the ventricles allowing atrial systole to complete, located on the floor of the RA. Bundle of His conducts the depolarization (contraction) wave to the apex, located at the IVS. R and L bundle branches are located through the ventricle walls, Purkinje Fibers develop from these. PF spread the contraction wave through ventricles. Contraction occurs how? - ANSWER-From endo to epi, apex to base. (inner to outer, bottom to top) Relaxation is opposite. The QRS represents? - ANSWER-Electrical Ventricular Systole The T represents? - ANSWER-Electrical Ventricular Diastole. When is mechanical systole? - ANSWER-From the end of the QRS to the end of the T. When is mechanical diastole? - ANSWER-From the end of the T to the end of the QRS. One small box is equal to? - ANSWER-0.04 seconds. One large box is equal to? - ANSWER-0.2seconds (five small boxes) 5 large boxes is equal to? - ANSWER-1 second R-R interval is equal to? - ANSWER-3-5 Large boxes = 60-100bmp QRS complex is equal to? - ANSWER-less than 3 small boxes = 0.12seconds PR interval is equal to? - ANSWER-one big box = 0.2seconds What will you see on m-mode PV with PHTN? - ANSWER-Loss of the "A" wave and mid-systolic notching. What will you see on m-mode PV with PS? - ANSWER-Exaggerated "A" wave When you see Chagas disease you should think what two things? - ANSWER-Dilated CMO and apical aneurysm. What are the five types of VSDs? - ANSWER-Muscular/trabecular, membranous/perimembranous, inlet, outlet/supracristal, and malalignment.