Colonial Settlement

How did the Spanish weaken the Native population? - Disease & Weapons Colombian Exchange - The Columbian Exchange revolutionized life in the Americas, Europe, and Africa. An exchange between the Old World, New World, and Africa. In this exchange the Old World gave the New World food, animals, and diseases. Africa gave the New World slaves. Lastly, the New World gave the Old World gold, silver, raw materials, and syphilis. What drove European exploration and conquest? 3 G's - Gold, Glory, Gospel To spread Christianity - Spain Money and food from the Americas led to population growth in Europe and helped shift the economy to capitalism Joint-stock companies - used to raise $ for explorations Used in Jamestown (1607) New technology aided exploration: Sextant - could be used to find exact position on earth - more precise sailing Why did the Spanish conquer Natives? - Wanted their land for money What were encomiendas? - Where Spanish made their money from (plantations). Raised cash crops. Indians could live on their land if they made cash crops. What was Reconquista? - Occurred in Spain. Reestablished Catholicism. (Spain used to be controlled by Muslims). Spain controlled and converted Indians from their religion as well. The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. 1500 - Spanish in Latin America. Made Contact. 1492 - Spanish began to settle North to protect their land. Christopher Columbus arrives in the Caribbean region Spanish Southwest - Arizona, Texas (don't find gold or silver) Battle of Acoma - In the Battle of Acoma in 1599, the Spanish severed one foot of each survivor. They proclaimed the area to be the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital at Santa Fe the following year. Poppy's Rebellion - Pueblos wanted to fight back. Win. Burned Spanish missions and killed all Spanish so they don't have to deal with them. Conversion unsuccessful. 1600 - English shows up. Southwest-French. Religious unrest (martin luther angry about the selling of indulgences-paying a priest a bribe). Martin Luther wrote 95 thesis, nails it to Church-creates protestant reformation. Easier to settle once Spanish Armada defeated. Chesapeake - Where English first created colonies TO GAIN ECONOMIC WEALTH. Virginia and Maryland. Jamestown - 1607. 1st permanent settlement. Virginia Company (joint stock company) founded it. Began fighting with Indians over land rights Lord Delawar - 1610. English want war. Lord Delawar organized settlers to defeat Indians and Powhatans. Used Irish tactics Anglo-Powhatan War - English settlers of the Virginia Colony and the Algonquian-speaking tribes in the Powhatan Confederacy. De La Warr introduced "Irish tactics" against the Indians. His troops raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions, and torched cornfields. Ends because of famous John Rolf and Pocahontas wedding, but not permanently. 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War - the Indians made one last effort to dislodge the Virginians. They were again defeated.For control of land. Why? - Culture: Both the Native Indians and the English colonists believed they were superior to the other