Critical Thinking Exam Study Guide: Latest Updated Guide Solution

Critical Thinking (Ans- The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statements by rational standards Assertion (Statement) (Ans- A declarative sentence that is intended to make a claim of some sort. I.e. I am taller than you Premise (Ans- A statement that is offered in a support of a conclusion Conclusion (Ans- A statement that is held to be support by a premise or premises. Argument (Ans- Set of statements; on of which (conclusion) is taken to be supported by the remaining statements (the conclusion) Inference (Ans- The move from a premise(s) to a conclusion(s) Conclusion Indicators (Ans- Thus, therefore, we may conclude, so, it follows that, entails, consequently Premise indicators (Ans- Since, because, for, as, given that, in as much as, for the reason that Deductively Valid (Ans- If it is impossible for the premises to be true, while the conclusion is false. (conclusion would have to be true too) Deductively Sound (Ans- Only if the argument is deductively valid, and all premises are true. Inductive Strength (Ans- An argument is this only if the conclusion is probably true, given the premises. Explanation (Ans- tells us how or why something is the case Category 1 (Impediment to critical thinking) (Ans- Obstacles that arise because of how we think. Self-Interested thinking (accepting a claim because it coincides with our interests) and Group-Thinking (peer pressure, and stereotyping) Category 2 (Impediment to critical thinking) (Ans- Obstacles that arise because of what we think. Issues because of our views about truth and knowledge