The Gastrointestinal System MED-Surg Questions and Answers Already Passed

The Gastrointestinal System MED-Surg Questions and Answers Already Passed What are the functions of the digestive tract? Ingestion Digestion Absorption of Nutrients Elimination of Wastes What are the main accessory structures of the digestive tract? Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, Anus. What are the accessory structures of the digestive tract? Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, Pancreas Diagnostic Tests and Procedures Radio-graphic studies: CT-computed tomography Virtual colonoscopy MRI- magnetic Resonance imaging-provides better view normal vs. abnormal pathological tissue. Endoscopic Tests Colonoscopy: Pt, (NPO) for several hours, prior to procedure for prepping bowels. (Risk for Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration and metabolic acidosis. Laboratory Studies (Contrast media assess for allergies (SHELLFISH ALLERGIES). Gastric analysis, occult blood test, stool examination. Collecting stool samples 1) Collect stool in a clean dry container, NO urine should be in the container, urine destroys parasites. Collecting stool samples NO toilet paper should be discarded in the container, toilet paper contains bismuth which interferes with some tests. Collecting stool samples 2) Best deliver specimens to lab right immediately Collecting stool samples If storage is necessary than specimens for ova parasites needs to be kept warm Collecting stool samples Specimens for pathogens should be refrigerated Collecting stool samples NO red meat for 2-3 days prior to occult blood testing Collecting stool samples, Drugs that may interfere with test results salicylate agents, ascorbic acid, anticoagulant agents, steroid agents Collecting stool samples if visible mucus or blood is present in stool than include it in the specimen to the lab. The patient presents to the clinic with complaints of nausea and vomiting that have persisted for 3 days. The nurse inspects the abdomen and notes that the abdomen is distended. Upon auscultation, the nurse hears brisk, loud bowel sounds in the upper right and left quadrants, but the lower right and left quadrants have no bowel sounds after listening for 5 minutes in each quadrant. The nurse realizes that these symptoms are closely associated with which disorder? Intestinal obstruction Which accessory organs aid in the digestive process? Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder The nurse is assessing the stooling patterns of an assigned patient. The patient reports stools as being clay colored. The nurse knows this may indicate which condition? Bile is not reaching the intestines While performing an abdominal assessment, where does the nurse expect to locate the liver? Right upper quadrant (RUQ) The nurse is caring for a patient who is preparing for discharge after having had an upper GI series. Which patient statement demonstrates a need for further discharge instruction? "I will not be able to drink fluids that contain any caffeine. Which event can alter a patient's guaiac test results? The patient consumed red meat before the test An older patient reports delayed bowel movements leading to constipation. What nonpharmacologic intervention does the nurse teach the patient to alleviate this problem? Perform physical activity as tolerated Common problems related to the GI system anorexia, nausea, vomiting, accumulation of flatus, constipation, diarrhea Anorexia-the absence of appetite. Physical causes: poorly fitted dentures, stomatitis, decaying teeth, halitosis, bad taste in mouth, nausea, decreased sense of taste or smell, medications, physical and social environment, emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, or disturbing thoughts. Accumulation of flatus (GAS)- formed by the action of digestive juices and bacteria on the ingested material resulting in bloating. surgical intervention, mechanical obstruction, accidental injury to the intestinal tract can cause disturbances in the passage of material. Accumulation of flatus (GAS) assist the patient to ambulate, slight trendlenburg's position if not contraindicated to speed up the expulsion of gas, advise to avoid chilled or hot drinks may cause more gas, antiflautulent medications that contain smiethicone, such as phazyme are helpful if not NPO, may have an order of insertion of rectal tube or rectal suppository What are common side effect's of antimetic medications? drowsiness, and dizziness. Due to effect's on the central nervous system resulting in confusion