C787 Study Guide WGU Nutrition Exam Review 2023 a+

C787 Study Guide WGU Nutrition Exam Review 2023 a+ Macronutrients - Answer-carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins required in large amounts, provide energy Micronutrients - Answer-vitamins and minerals require smaller amounts, make possible the biochemical reactions that extract energy from macronutrients molecules Obesity - Answer-30% body fat Overweight - Answer-25% body fat Marasmus - Answer-A disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant eventually dies. s/s: htn, stroke, type 2 dm, exposed ribs, decreased body fat Kwashiorkor - Answer-Protein deficiency in childhood, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, irritability, thinning hair, and swollen body, which may be fatal if not treated. s/s: potbelly, edema in legs Anorexia Nervosa (AN) - Answer-an eating disorder characterized by an inability to maintain normal weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and distorted body perception bulimia nervosa - Answer-an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - Answer-Niacin- common in corn based diets and alcoholics. s/s: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death if not tx. Vitamin A deficiency - Answer-night blindness, dry skin, corneal damage Vitamin C deficiency - Answer-scurvy, poor wound healing, bleeding gums, petechiae Iron deficiency - Answer-anemia Iodine deficiency - Answer-results in goiter/thyroid problems Vitamin D deficiencies - Answer-rickets osteomalacia osteoporosis calcium deficiency colon cancer Vitamin E deficiency (rare) - Answer-hemolytic anemia Vitamin K deficiencies - Answer-decreased synthesis of clotting factors hemorrhage Malnutrition - Answer-faulty or inadequate diet treating malnutrition - Answer-correcting diet correcting body fluid/potassium "hurry slowly" diluted milk w/added sugar What changes were made when DRIs were established in the late 1990's? - Answer-It expanded from the RDA. It contains several different groups to provide more adequate information needed DRI - Answer-Dietary Reference Intakes; combines the classic concerns of deficiency diseases with the contemporary interest of reducing the risk of chronic diet-related diseases UL - Answer-Tolerable upper intake level. The maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects. EAR - Answer-Estimated Average Requirements- Average amount sufficient for half of population RDA - Answer-Recommended Daily Allowances- a healthy diet has nutrients nearing this amount Identify the types of dietary fats (including trans-fats) and recommendations regarding their consumption. - Answer-SATURATED (limit/avoid) TRANS (worse) MONOSATURATED (good lowers LDL) POLYUNSATURATED (same as above) What is the DASH diet and what level of sodium has been shown to reduce high blood pressure? - Answer-Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionCONSUME UP TO 2300 MG OF SODIUM A DAY How much of the "My Plate" is fruits and Vegetables? - Answer-1/2 the plate Continues...