Bio 414: Evolutionary Analysis Chapter 4 correctly answered to pass 2023

Bio 414: Evolutionary Analysis Chapter 4 correctly answered to pass 2023What is phylogenetic tree (in comparison to a phylogeny)? - correct answer Same thing. A diagram showing the history of divergence and evolutionary change leading from a single ancestral lineage to a suit of descendants. Or an organisms' genealogical relationships as they are understood according to Darwin's theory of descent with modification from common ancestors. A phylogeny, phylogenetic tree, and evolutionary tree are the same thing. Sate in simple straight forward terms the principle behind phylogenetic inference - correct answer Common ancestor is undecorated. Knowledge of ancestor's characteristics allows for identification of descendant species' as evolutionary novelties. Each of these novelties evolved exactly once and once these novelties evolved in lineage, it was never lost. (Grouping species by their similarities and distinguishing groups by differences.) What is a homology and how is this different or similar to a synapomorphy? - correct answer Homology: similar function but different structure descent from a common ancestor. All synapomorphies are homologies, not all homologies are synapomorphies. Describe what a "hierachy" of synapomorphies is. - correct answer Synapomorphies crate monophyletic groups that is nested with other monophyletic groups. Derived character shared by 2 or more lineages. Who came up with the method of "Cladistics" and what is it? - correct answer Willi Hennig. Cladistics: A classification scheme based on the historical sequence of divergence events (phylogeny); also used to identify a method of inferring phylogeneis based on the presence of shared derived characters (synapomorphies). Method or classifications of animals and plants according to the proportion of measurable characteristics that they have in common. By convention how are synapomorphies indicated on phylogenetic trees? - correct answer Indicated by a vertical line after the ancestor to which the trait is shared and derived. Each branching event.