Evolutionary Analysis Ch.9 questions fully solved graded A+ 2023

Evolutionary Analysis Ch.9 questions fully solved graded A+ 2023 best-fit line - correct answer The line that most accurately represents the trend of the data in a scatterplot; typically best-fit lines are calculated by least-squares linear regression. likelihood ratio - correct answer Spontaneous movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration (i.e., down a concentration gradient). independence (statistical) - correct answer Lack of association among data points, such that the value of a data point does not affect the value of any other data point. likelihood - correct answer The probability of a particular outcome given a model of the process that produced it. For example we might calculate the probability that a pair of parents will have an offspring with a particular multilocus genotype gven a model specifying how closely the loci in question are linked. Or we might calculate the probability of getting a particular set of sequences given a phylogeny of the species from which we sampled them. selection gradient - correct answer A measure of the strength of selection used in quantitative genetics; for selection on a single trait, it is equal to the slope of the best-fit line in a scatterplot showing relative fitness as a function of phenotype. significant - correct answer In scientific discussions, typically a synonym for statistically significant. additive genetic variation - correct answer Differences among individuals in a population that are due to the additive effects of genes. stabilizing selection - correct answer That which occurs when individuals with intermediate values of a trait have higher fitness; can result in reduced phenotypic variation in a population and can prevent evolution in the mean value of the trait. midoffspring value - correct answer The mean phenotype of the offspring within a family.