NU641 Week 11 Quiz 2023-solved

Generalized seizure types (6) - Answer- -Tonic clonic (grand mal) -Absence (petit mal) -Clonic -Myoclonic -Tonic -Atonic Status epilepticus (2) - Answer- -Two or more seizures without full consciousness between seizure episodes -Requires immediate treatment Absence seizures - Answer- -Impaired consciousness for short period of time -Typically seen in children 4 to 12 -EEG typically shows generalized 3 Hz waves Focal seizure types (2) - Answer- -Simple partial -Complex partial Antiepileptic drugs mechanism of action (4) - Answer- -Reducing sodium and/or calcium influx into brain cells -Causes increase in inhibitory gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) activity -Enhances influx of chloride -Interferes with excitatory glutamate transmission Antiepileptic agents that reduce efficacy of oral contraceptives (3) - Answer- -Phenytoin -Phenobarbital -Carbamazepine Seizure medications and pregnancy - Answer- -None are safe -Use only if benefit outweighs risk and patient realizes potential of birth defects Phenytoin (Dilantin) (2) - Answer- -Highly plasma protein bound -Serum levels 10 to 20 mcg/ml should be interpreted according to patient's serum albumin level Fosphenytoin (2) - Answer- -Prodrug that is converted to phenytoin -Can be given IM Hypersensitivity syndrome and phenytoin - Answer- -Can occur about 3 to 8 weeks after starting therapy Gabapentin (4) - Answer- -GABA analog -Does not increase GABA brain levels