american history emcc final

What two issues lay at the heart of Reconstruction?: - Answer- the future of political and economic power for freed slaves, and the future of North-South economic and political relations. The "grandfather clause"?: - Answer- denied black Americans the franchise in the South. Under new President Andrew Johnson, presidential Reconstruction?: - Answer- made it possible for former high-ranking Confederates to assume positions of power in the reconstructed southern governments. In the Supreme Court case of United States v. Cruikshank (1876), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment?: - Answer- covered only violations of civil rights by the states, and not violations by private individuals. The North interpreted Black Codes as?: - Answer- evidence that the South sought to keep freemen in an economically dependent and legally inferior status. Which of the following was NOT a feature of Abraham Lincoln's "10 Percent Plan"?: - Answer- southern plantations were to be confiscated and divided among the blacks who had formerly worked there as slaves. During the Reconstruction, what groups was the backbone of the Republican party in the South, providing eight out of ten Republican votes?: - Answer- freedmen. In 1867, Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he?: - Answer- purchased Alaska from Russia. In the presidential election of 1868, Ulysses S. Grant?: - Answer- owed his victory to the votes of former slaves. Americans in the post-Civil War decades who waved the bloody shirt were?: - Answer- labor supporters protesting the Haymarket riot. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the end of the open range cattle industry?: - Answer- railroads. The United States' policy toward the Native American changed dramatically with the passage in 1887 of the Dawes Act, which?: - Answer- treated the tribes as independent nations.