Educational Psychology and Human Development of Children and Adolescents - D167

Educational Psychology and Human Development of Children and Adolescents - D167 Kohlberg's stages of moral development - ANS Who's Stages: preconventional, conventional, postconventional Postconventional - ANS social contract and universal ethical principle conventional - ANS good boy + good girl and law + order premoral stage - ANS obedience vs punishment and individualism Skinner - ANS behaviorism, operant conditioning Vygotsky - ANS Social Development Theory Scaffolding - ANS the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth egocentric speech - ANS "private speech" - children use it to communicate socially and to self-regulate and guide themselves step-by-step Chomsky - ANS language acquisition device Piaget believed - ANS infants and toddlers "think" with their eyes, ears, hands, and other sensorimotor equipment. They cannot yet carry out many activities inside their heads Piaget's stages of cognitive development - ANS 1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operational Stages of First Language Acquisition - ANS 1. The Babbling Stage 2. The Holophrastic Stage 3. The Two-Word Stage 4. The Telegraph to Infinity Stage holophrastic period - ANS the period when children begin using the words in their small productive vocabulary one word at a time telegraphic stage - ANS early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words sensorimotor stage - ANS in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities preoperational stage - ANS in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic concrete operational stage - ANS in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events formal operational stage - ANS in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts Schema - ANS a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world Vygotsky's Theory - ANS Who's theory: environment + community play a role in child's meaning making more knowledgeable other - ANS what is MKO zone of proximal development - ANS What is ZPD Erikson's Theory - ANS Who's theory proposes eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved. Trust vs. Mistrust - ANS Erikson's first stage during the first year of life, infants learn to trust when they are cared for in a consistent warm manner Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt - ANS Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt - ANS Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities Industry vs. Inferiority - ANS Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive (have pride over accomplishments) idenity vs. role confusion - ANS 12-18yr "finding who I am" Intimacy