WGU Educational Psychology and Human Development Exam Questions With Correct Solutions

WGU Educational Psychology and Human Development Exam Questions With Correct Solutions Maslow - ANS Humanistic psychologist who developed a pyramid representing hierarchy of human needs Piaget - ANS theorist that developed a series of stages in which an individual passes during cognitive development; associated with constructivism Vygotsky - ANS theorist focused on the social world of people when explaining cognitive development; associated with constructivism Erikson - ANS theorist who studied psychosocial development across the lifespan Bandura - ANS Theorist who focused on observational learning; famous for the Bobo doll experiment; active in social-cognitive theory Kohlberg - ANS theorist who claimed individuals went through a series of stages in the process of moral development. Gilligan - ANS theorist who examined moral differences between boys and girls based on social rules and on ethic of caring and responsibility; critical of Kohlberg Skinner - ANS theorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning; associated with behaviorism Chomsky - ANS theorist who formed the Universal Grammar theory; associated with language development Spearman - ANS theorist who proposed a theory of general intelligence (IQ) measured by 'g factor') Gardner - ANS theorist who wanted to broaden definition of intelligence; created 8 types of intelligence Thurnstone - ANS theorist who proposed multiple primary mental abilities as a way to define intelligence Sternberg - ANS theorist who developed triarchic theory of intelligence Rogers - ANS theorist who expanded on Maslow's concepts; associated with humanism Bloom - ANS theorist who developed taxonomy of cognitive processes Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANS (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization Schema - ANS a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world Assimilation - ANS interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas Accommodation - ANS adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information Equilibration - ANS the process by which children (or other people) balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - ANS The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners. Vygotsky's 3 Types of Language - ANS Social Speech (to others), Private Speech (to self), and Silent Inner Speech (associated with self-regulation) Observational Learning (3 types) - ANS learning by observing others; the three types are live (live demonstration), verbal (verbal instructions), and symbolic (e.g. narrative lesson) Social Learning Theory - ANS the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished; associated with Bandura and his Bobo doll experiment Bandura's 4 Elements of Observational Learning - ANS attention, memory, imitation, motivation (also called mediational processes) Care Ethics - ANS The theory that attitudes like caring and sensitivity to context is an important aspect of the moral life, particularly for women and girls; developed by Carol Gilligan Nativism - ANS theory that human beings have an inborn capacity for language acquisition; associated with Noam Chomsky Universal Grammar - ANS Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a similar underlying structure