Genetics and Genetic engineering (100% Correct)

genetics correct answers The scientific study of heredity and genetic variation in living organisms genome correct answers complete set of genes in an organism. Represented by a karyotype how active are genes correct answers only the genes that are needed are activated; genes are activated in different cells creating different proteins to give that particular cell its character. eg) 1. genes that play a role in early development of an embryo are inactive thereafter 2. "housekeeping genes" are active in cells making proteins and are needed for basic functions 3. non-coding genes Difference between mitosis and meiosis correct answers MITOSIS -regeneration of body parts (cells) -seperation of nuclear chromosomes into two identical daughter nuclei, Duplication in the cell to create two identical cells -restrores damaged tissues -results in BODY CELLS -example of a starting cell = skin cell (2n) ~INTERPHASE~ -cell growth (protein synthesis/DNA replication) -duplicates chromosomes before meiosis MIEOSIS -results in SPERM AND EGG CELLS -example of a starting cell = primary spermatocyte or primary oocyte (2n) -result is 4 haploid daughter cells = sperm and egg cells (had to undergo division so that when fertilisation occurs, the zygote has 46 chromosomes) *zygote undergoes mitosis to give rise to a new organism* two types of cell divisions correct answers mitosis and meiosis cytokinesis correct answers division of the cytoplasm (forms two seperate daughter cells) what happens to homologous chromosomes and associated alleles during meiosis correct answers meiosis 1 ~ homologous chromomsomes seperate and two diploid daughter cells are created. Genetic recombination/crossing over occurs and genetic info is exchanged. meiosis 2 ~ 4 haploid, non-identical daughter cells are created. Non-identical to parent Gregor Mendel correct answers The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants gregor mendel studied correct answers the inheritance of characteristics from one generation to another