A&P 1 Exam 1 Study Guide complete 2023

A&P 1 Exam 1 Study Guide complete 2023 A&P 1 Exam 1 Study Guide 1. Subject of Anatomy and Physiology:  Anatomy: the study of structure or form of human body  Physiology: the study of body’s function 2. 11 organ systems: a. Integumentary system: hair, skin, nails  Protects the body from the external environment  Produces vitamin D  Retains water  Regulates body temperature b. Skeletal system: bones, joints  Supports the body  Protects internal organs  Provides leverage for movement  Produces blood cells  Stores calcium salts c. Muscular system: skeletal muscle  Produces movement  Controls body openings  Generate heart d. Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves  Regulates body functions  Provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve impulses e. Endocrine system: pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (female), testes (male).  Regulates body functions  Regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones f. Cardiovascular system: blood vessels, heart  Pumps and delivers oxygen poor blood to lungs and oxygen rich blood to the tissues.  Removes wastes from the tissues  Transports cells, nutrients and other substances g. Lymphatic system: tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels  Return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system  Provides immunity h. Respiratory system: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs.  Delivers oxygen to the blood  Removes carbon dioxide from the body  Maintains the acid-base balance of the blood i. Digestive system: mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine  Digests food  Absorbs nutrients into the blood  Removes food waste Downloaded by kelvin githinji () lOMoARcPSD|  Regulates fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance j. Urinary system: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.  Removes metabolic wastes from the blood  Regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance  Stimulates blood cell production k. Reproductive system: i. Male: prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis  Produces and transports sperm  Secretes hormones  Sexual function ii. Female: mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina  Produces and transports eggs  Site of fetal development, fetal nourishment childbirth, and lactation  Secretes hormones  Sexual function 3. Anatomic position:  Standing upright  Feet are shoulder width apart  Head and palms are facing forward 4. Directions:  Posterior: back  Anterior: front  Superior: toward the head  Inferior: toward the tail  Lateral: far away from the midline  Medial: close to the midline  Proximal: closer to the origin  Distal: further from the origin  Deep: further away from the skin surface  Superficial: closer to the surface of the skin 5. Planes: a. Sagittal: divides body into right and left sections (midsagittal: 2 equal sections, parasagittal plane: unequal sections) b. Frontal: divides into anterior and posterior sections c. Transverse: divides into superior and inferior sections d. Oblique: taken at an