Illinois Pesticide Applicator Rights-Of-Way (2022/2023) Rated A+

Illinois Pesticide Applicator Rights-Of-Way (2022/2023) Rated A+ first step in weed control identification of weed broadleaf weeds netted veins narrowleaf weeds (grasses) long, thin leaves with parallel veins areas preferred by annuals soil is disturbed or perennial plants are spotty/poor areas preferred by winter annuals soil is disturbed in fall or left exposed over winter areas preferred by biennials areas not mowed or disturbed areas preferred by perennials areas with minimal soil disturbance Examples foxtail, crabgrass, common chickweed, henbit annuals weeds Examples garlic mustard, wild carrot, bull thistle, common teasel Biennial Weeds Examples Johnsongrass, dandelion, Canada Thistle, honeysuckle Perennial Weeds Herbaceous perennial die in fall, but root systems overwinter woody perennial persistent aboveground stems that remain each season monocotyledons (monocots) parallel-veined leaves that are much longer than they are wide; grasses or grasslike dicotyledons (dicots) netted-veins that are usually less elongated than grass; broadleaves vegetative characteristics used to identify grass weeds collar region, ligule, stem shape, nodes, presence of hair vegetative characteristics used to identify broadleaf weeds cotyledons, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots noxious weeds control is required by law; common ragweed, giant ragweed, marijuana, musk/Canada thistle exotic weeds cannot be sold/used without permit issued by govt; Japanese honeysuckle, Chinese buckthorn, giant hogweed best weed control programs integrate cultural and chemical control methods; Integrated Weed Management benefits of cultural control controls weeds indirectly, perennial grasses prevent erosion, mulch/gravel helps keep weed pressure down disadvantages to biological control weed species specific and slow to show results girdling process of cutting ring around woody plant through bark and sapwood; interrupt sap flow grubbing uprooting by pulling/digging herbicides chemicals used to control,suppress, or kill plants factors to be considered when using chemical control environmental risks, weather, soil textures, proximity to water growth regulators chemically slow down plants; best used steep slopes or areas when mowing is difficult factors that can lessen penetration or absorption leaf surface/cuticule waxes photosynthetic inhibitors prevent photosynthesis in plants; chlorosis/rapid wilting; nonselective growth hormones causes growth abnormalities; used on foliage; leaf rolling/twisting of stems meristematic inhibitors affect growing points of plants phosphono amino acid derivatives applied to foliage because they have very little soil activity; chlorosis; stunting and narrow upright leaves ACCase Inhibitors foliar applied herbicides that selectively control grass; broadlead unaffected ALS enzyme inhibitors absorbed through the foliage and roots and translocated to growing areas; growth stops immediately dinitroanilines soil applied; used to control small seeded broadleaves and annual grasses; grass shoots appear red or purple done to prevent herbicide resistance scout regularly, rotate herbicides, combine different controls, clean equipment two ways observed for herbicide resistance alterations in target site; enhanced metabolism small trees for girdles 1/2 - 1 1/2 inches deep and 1 or 2 inches wides larger trees girdles 1 - 2 inches deep and 6 - 8 inches wide frilling variation of girdling; downward angled cuts are made around tree; ax or hatchet spaced cuts / tree injections discontinuous frill around tree and small amounts of herbicide placed in each cut basal bark treatment spraying lower 12 - 18 inches of trunk with herbicides when should basal bark treatment not be used bark is very wet or covered in snow/ice; where runoff or leaching is possible cut surface treating a cut stump with an herbicide after tree is cut when should water based herbicides be used in cut surface immediately after cutting tree; spray critical areas of stump when should oil based herbicides be used in cut surface in the spring; spray entirety of stump basal soil soil treatments; applied within dripline of target species foliar treatment applied to the foliage factors that affect herbicide effectiveness if rainfall occurs; or using adjuvants with oil to increase surface tension compressed-air sprayers hold about 1-1/2 - 5 gallons; carried by hand or on shoulder normal psi for compressed air sprayers 20-60psi; if drops to 10psi then repressurize backpack sprayers like compressed sprayers but has straps for backpack; can get psi as high as 150 Piston pumps can provide higher pressure but cannot be used with abrasive formulations diaphragm pumps cannot provide high pressure but can tolerate abrasive formulations calibration of manual sprayers measure off area, spray area and measure amount of water left in tank injection equipment injects directly into plant; protect tree from insects/diseases; avoid drift boom sprayers useful for broadcast applications; good uniformity boomless sprayers used for broadcast; not as uniform; use off-center nozzles spray droplets smaller than _______ are at risk for drifting 150 microns VMD volume median diameter; droplet spectrum for sprays extended range flat fan nozzles used for soil/foliar application; good coverage; outer edges reduce volume; 15-60 psi Pre-orifice flat fan nozzles uses pre-orifice to decrease pressure and make droplets bigger; 30-60 psi air-induction flat fan nozzles use preorifice; draws in air to also help make droplets bigger; 30-115 psi turbo-flat fan nozzle uses preorifice and turbulation chamber but does not draw in air wide-angle full cone nozzle produces large droplets over a wide range turbo flood nozzles combines uniformity of extended range flat with clog resistance of flooding nozzles; produces larger droplets than other flooding nozzles RA Raindrop nozzles like hollow cone nozzles; used when drift is major concern Off-Center Nozzles used by signs,guard rails, and other obstacles; produce wide off center spray extending straight up to 30 ft swath Straight-stream nozzles produce single solid stream of spray;for long distances very wear resistance materials steel and ceramic how to calculate revolutions (n) needed calibrate spreader 4584 / (spreader width x wheel diameter) invert emulsions water-soluble pesticide dispersed in oil-carrier; forms large uniform droplets How to find GPA for spray application with boomless nozzle (GPM x 495) / (MPH x SW) SW swath width How to find GPM flow for nozzle flow rate for boomless nozzle (GPA x MPH x SW) / 495 How to find simple gallons per mile (GPA x SW) / 8.25 How to find total miles (tank capacity (gal)) / gal per mi dry formula convert a.i. formula to product 1b of a.i. per A x (100% / % a.i. in product) liquid formula convert a.i. formula to gallons 1b of a.i. per A / 1b of a.i. per gal of product TVC Total Vegetation Control Propagules buds that produce new shoots; store carbohydrates How to control perennials after seedling stage? Deplete the food reserves coniferous term used to refer to trees that produce seed-bearing cones and have thin leaves shaped like needles Growth hormones herbicides are formulated as? Esters and Amines Esters formulations are used for? basal bark treatments Amine formulations preferable for? injections and cut surface treatment split application same herbicide applied more than once during growing season Guns and Nozzles are able to spray what pressure? Between 350 - 450 psi