1. Test Bank - Chapter 01
1. 1.ID: 19521638763
Which of these is a major physiologic function of the immune system:
A. Elimination of commensal microbes
B. Repair of injured tissues
C. Defense against microbial infections Correct
D. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
E. Rejection of organ transplants
2. 2.ID: 19521638768
Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first
successful vaccination?
A. Polio
B. Tuberculosis
C. Smallpox Correct
D. Tetanus
E. Rubella
3. 3.ID: 19521638772
A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper
respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of
infection, which one of the following events occurs?
A. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus
and destroys the virus.
B. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral
infection and keeps the viral infection under
control. Correct
C. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits
the spread of infection.
D. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the
innate immune response.
4. 4.ID: 19521638776
Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune
system, not shared with the innate immune system?
A. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for
antigens Correct
B. Production of a diverse array of cytokines
C. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated
and soluble receptors
D. Protection against viral infections
E. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on
repeated exposure to the same microbe
5. 5.ID: 19521638780
, Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which
two types of immunity?
A. Innate and adaptive
B. Passive and active
C. Specific and nonspecific
D. Humoral and cell mediated Correct
E. Adult and neonatal
6. 6.ID: 19521638784
A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a
possibility that the animal was infected with the rabies virus, is
administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing
anti–rabies virus antibodies. Which type of immunity would be
established by this treatment?
A. Active humoral immunity
B. Passive humoral immunity Correct
C. Active cell-mediated immunity
D. Passive cell-mediated immunity
E. Innate immunity
7. 7.ID: 19521638788
At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella
(MMR) vaccine. At age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that
has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. Despite the
exposure, she does not become infected. Which of the following
properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this
scenario?
A. Nonreactivity to self
B. Diversity
C. Specialization
D. Memory Correct
8. 8.ID: 19521638792
A vaccine administered in the autumn of one year may protect
against the prevalent strain of influenza virus that originated in Hong
Kong that same year, but it will not protect against another strain of
influenza virus that originated in Russia. This phenomenon illustrates
which property of the adaptive immune system?
A. Specificity Correct
B. Amnesia
C. Specialization
D. Cultural diversity
E. Self tolerance
9. 9.ID: 19521638798
The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes Correct
, B. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C. Memory T cells and effector T cells
D. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
10. 10.ID: 19521639608
Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune
responses?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
D. B lymphocytes Correct
E. Helper T lymphocytes
11. 11.ID: 19521639612
During a humoral immune response to a newly encountered bacterial
infection, B cells are first stimulated to proliferate and then secrete
antibodies specific for the bacterium. The antibodies may then bind
to the bacteria and facilitate ingestion of the microbes by phagocytic
cells. In what phase of the humoral immune response does the
binding of secreted antibodies to bacteria occur?
A. Recognition phase
B. Activation phase
C. Effector phase Correct
D. Homeostatic phase
E. Memory phase
12. 12.ID: 19521639616
Which of the following statements is consistent with the process of
clonal selection?
A. The specificity of a lymphocyte antigen receptor changes
to accommodate the structure of an antigen that binds to
it.
B. Many different antigen receptors with different
specificities are expressed on each lymphocyte.
C. Lymphocytes do not express antigen receptors on their
cell surfaces until after exposure to antigen.
D. The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is
very small before exposure to antigen but increases
significantly after antigen exposure.
E. The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is
very large before exposure to antigen, with millions of
different clones of lymphocytes, each having a different
specificity, generated during the maturation of
lymphocytes. Correct
13. 13.ID: 19521639622
, Which of the following best describes clonal expansion in adaptive
immune responses?
A. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each
clone specific for a different antigen during the course of
an infection
B. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each
clone specific for a different antigen during development of
the immune system, before exposure to antigen
C. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical
specificities, all derived from a single lymphocyte due to
nonspecific stimuli from the innate immune system
D. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical
specificities, all derived from a single lymphocyte
stimulated by a single antigen Correct
E. Increased size of the lymphocytes of a single clone due to
antigen-induced activation of the cells
14. 14.ID: 19521640403
The estimated number of distinct structures that can be recognized
by the mammalian adaptive immune system is
A. 1–10
B. 102–103
C. 103–105
D. 107–109 Correct
E. ∞
15. 15.ID: 19521640407
Which of the following statements best describes the “two-signal
requirement” for naive lymphocyte activation?
A. Lymphocytes must recognize two different antigens to
become activated.
B. Lymphocytes must recognize the same antigen at two
sequential times to become activated.
C. Lymphocytes must recognize antigen and respond to
another signal generated by microbial infection to become
activated. Correct
D. When lymphocytes recognize antigen, the antigen
receptors must activate two signal transduction pathways
to become activated.
16. 16.ID: 19521640411
In addition to T cells, which cell type is required for initiation of all T
cell–mediated immune responses?
A. Effector cells
B. Memory cells
1. 1.ID: 19521638763
Which of these is a major physiologic function of the immune system:
A. Elimination of commensal microbes
B. Repair of injured tissues
C. Defense against microbial infections Correct
D. Prevention of inflammatory diseases
E. Rejection of organ transplants
2. 2.ID: 19521638768
Which of the following infectious diseases was prevented by the first
successful vaccination?
A. Polio
B. Tuberculosis
C. Smallpox Correct
D. Tetanus
E. Rubella
3. 3.ID: 19521638772
A previously healthy 8-year-old boy is infected with an upper
respiratory tract virus for the first time. During the first few hours of
infection, which one of the following events occurs?
A. The adaptive immune system responds rapidly to the virus
and destroys the virus.
B. The innate immune system responds rapidly to the viral
infection and keeps the viral infection under
control. Correct
C. Passive immunity mediated by maternal antibodies limits
the spread of infection.
D. B and T lymphocytes recognize the virus and stimulate the
innate immune response.
4. 4.ID: 19521638776
Which of the following is a unique property of the adaptive immune
system, not shared with the innate immune system?
A. Highly diverse repertoire of specificities for
antigens Correct
B. Production of a diverse array of cytokines
C. Recognition of microbial structures by both cell-associated
and soluble receptors
D. Protection against viral infections
E. Responses that have the same kinetics and magnitude on
repeated exposure to the same microbe
5. 5.ID: 19521638780
, Antibodies and T lymphocytes are the respective mediators of which
two types of immunity?
A. Innate and adaptive
B. Passive and active
C. Specific and nonspecific
D. Humoral and cell mediated Correct
E. Adult and neonatal
6. 6.ID: 19521638784
A standard treatment of animal bite victims, when there is a
possibility that the animal was infected with the rabies virus, is
administration of human immunoglobulin preparations containing
anti–rabies virus antibodies. Which type of immunity would be
established by this treatment?
A. Active humoral immunity
B. Passive humoral immunity Correct
C. Active cell-mediated immunity
D. Passive cell-mediated immunity
E. Innate immunity
7. 7.ID: 19521638788
At 15 months of age, a child received a measles-mumps-rubella
(MMR) vaccine. At age 22, she is living with a family in Mexico that
has not been vaccinated and she is exposed to measles. Despite the
exposure, she does not become infected. Which of the following
properties of the adaptive immune system is best illustrated by this
scenario?
A. Nonreactivity to self
B. Diversity
C. Specialization
D. Memory Correct
8. 8.ID: 19521638792
A vaccine administered in the autumn of one year may protect
against the prevalent strain of influenza virus that originated in Hong
Kong that same year, but it will not protect against another strain of
influenza virus that originated in Russia. This phenomenon illustrates
which property of the adaptive immune system?
A. Specificity Correct
B. Amnesia
C. Specialization
D. Cultural diversity
E. Self tolerance
9. 9.ID: 19521638798
The two major functional classes of effector T lymphocytes are:
A. Helper T lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes Correct
, B. Natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
C. Memory T cells and effector T cells
D. Helper cells and antigen-presenting cells
E. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and target cells
10. 10.ID: 19521639608
Which of the following cell types is required for all humoral immune
responses?
A. Natural killer cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
D. B lymphocytes Correct
E. Helper T lymphocytes
11. 11.ID: 19521639612
During a humoral immune response to a newly encountered bacterial
infection, B cells are first stimulated to proliferate and then secrete
antibodies specific for the bacterium. The antibodies may then bind
to the bacteria and facilitate ingestion of the microbes by phagocytic
cells. In what phase of the humoral immune response does the
binding of secreted antibodies to bacteria occur?
A. Recognition phase
B. Activation phase
C. Effector phase Correct
D. Homeostatic phase
E. Memory phase
12. 12.ID: 19521639616
Which of the following statements is consistent with the process of
clonal selection?
A. The specificity of a lymphocyte antigen receptor changes
to accommodate the structure of an antigen that binds to
it.
B. Many different antigen receptors with different
specificities are expressed on each lymphocyte.
C. Lymphocytes do not express antigen receptors on their
cell surfaces until after exposure to antigen.
D. The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is
very small before exposure to antigen but increases
significantly after antigen exposure.
E. The diversity of the lymphocyte repertoire for antigens is
very large before exposure to antigen, with millions of
different clones of lymphocytes, each having a different
specificity, generated during the maturation of
lymphocytes. Correct
13. 13.ID: 19521639622
, Which of the following best describes clonal expansion in adaptive
immune responses?
A. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each
clone specific for a different antigen during the course of
an infection
B. Increased number of different lymphocyte clones, each
clone specific for a different antigen during development of
the immune system, before exposure to antigen
C. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical
specificities, all derived from a single lymphocyte due to
nonspecific stimuli from the innate immune system
D. Increased number of lymphocytes with identical
specificities, all derived from a single lymphocyte
stimulated by a single antigen Correct
E. Increased size of the lymphocytes of a single clone due to
antigen-induced activation of the cells
14. 14.ID: 19521640403
The estimated number of distinct structures that can be recognized
by the mammalian adaptive immune system is
A. 1–10
B. 102–103
C. 103–105
D. 107–109 Correct
E. ∞
15. 15.ID: 19521640407
Which of the following statements best describes the “two-signal
requirement” for naive lymphocyte activation?
A. Lymphocytes must recognize two different antigens to
become activated.
B. Lymphocytes must recognize the same antigen at two
sequential times to become activated.
C. Lymphocytes must recognize antigen and respond to
another signal generated by microbial infection to become
activated. Correct
D. When lymphocytes recognize antigen, the antigen
receptors must activate two signal transduction pathways
to become activated.
16. 16.ID: 19521640411
In addition to T cells, which cell type is required for initiation of all T
cell–mediated immune responses?
A. Effector cells
B. Memory cells
