Summary NUR 2459 Final Exam Study Guide Complete 2023/2024

NUR 2459 Final Exam Study Guide Complete 2023/2024. Care of the client with Substance Misuse, Drug and Alcohol and addictive related psychiatric problems Substance-related and Addictive Disorders: Substance use disorders are complex. Symptoms fall into four groups. o Impaired control o Social impairment o Risk, use o Physical effect It is important for all nurses regardless of practice specialty area to develop an understanding of the complex disease of substance use disorders. Weed: intoxication: impaired motor coord. Euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgement, social withdrawl. Withdrawal: anger, aggression, anxiety, irritability, sleep difficulty, decreased appetite, restlessness, depressed mood, physical symptoms. Opioid: intoxication: psychomotor retardation, Drowsiness, slurred speech, altered mood, impaired memory and attention, Bradycardia, Hypotension, hypothermia, meiosis (pinpoint pupils) , intense drowsiness, coma. Withdrawal: Morphine, heroin and methadone withdrawal begins 6-8 hours after last dose Tachycardia, rhinorrhea (runny nose), muscle spasms, bone and muscle pain, Anxiety, abdominal cramps, vomiting & diarrhea, tachycardia, hypertension, hypothermia, mydriasis (enlarged pupils), diaphoresis, increased respiratory rate. Overdose: death from resp. depression.: resp. depression, pinpoint pupils, coma. Overdose TX: Promote breathing by aspirating secretions and inserting airway, Mechanical ventilator is used Naloxone (Narcan), a specific opioid antagonist can be administered intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intravenously. Today, it can be administered by nasal spray. General treatment: Methadone is a synthetic narcotic opioid Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Use Disorder: Intoxication Criteria: Slurred speech, Incoordination, Impaired thinking, Unsteady gait, Nystagmus Overdose: A comatose state is a dangerous possibility with overdose Overdose treatment: Gastric lavage and activated charcoal are the treatment. If the client is awake after overdosing, prevent loss of consciousness again. Withdrawal treatment: Gradual reduction of benzodiazepines will prevent seizures and other withdrawal symptoms. Stimulant Use Disorder: Amphetamine- type, cocaine or other stimulant drugs are second widely used illicit substance in the U.S. Intoxication: People feel super human, Elated, Euphoric, Sensitive, anxious, tense, hypervigilant and angry Withdrawal: In the initial phase, the individual feels agitated and anxious with intense cravings for the drug. Following the initial phase, the individual feels depressed and lethargic. It is often called “crashing.” Withdrawal treatment: Physical symptoms of chills, muscle cramps and aching make the process extremely uncomfortable. The physical symptoms are often severe. Depression can last for months after physical withdrawal. Medical detox can help to make this process more tolerable. Alcohol Use Disorder: Although alcohol is a sedative/depressant, it causes an initial feeling of euphoria. Intoxication-a blood concentration of 80 or 100mg ethanol per deciliter, expressed as 0.08- 0.10g/dL